Peoples of Pingcheng (398-494): Cultural Diversity and Interaction

Editors:

Thomas O. Höllmann & Shing Müller

Publisher:
Harrassowitz

Publication year:
2024

Abstract:

Compared to the later capital of the Northern Wei Dynasty, Luoyang (494–534), Pingcheng on the northern border of the Chinese world has received less scholarly attention despite its far longer capital status (398–494). The main reason is the lack of written sources. In addition, there is the derogatory idea that Pingcheng was a latifundium inhabited by “barbarians,” since the rulers of the Northern Wei were the Tuoba Xianbei from the eastern steppe, who established the first long-term foreign control over northern China. 

Traditionally, Luoyang is the epitome of the sinicized Tuoba Xianbei, while Pingcheng represents the state of the Tuoba Xianbei who were on the way to “becoming Chinese.” Excavations show that Pingcheng, which was built on the ruins of a garrison from the Han-Dynasty, arose from nothing and the inhabitants came from outside. Burial finds indicate a steadily growing population, which is said to have reached one million in its prime. At first, tombs were erected to indicate their steppe origins. New rites and artifacts emerged in spurts. This corresponds to written records, according to which the city was mainly populated by steppe warriors, followed by forcibly relocated peoples from all conquered northern Chinese regions.

The authors focus on the people(s) in Pingcheng. Zhang’s epigraphic study is devoted to a Xianbei family that arose during the Pingcheng period and remained closely intertwined with the imperial court in the following centuries. Using burial finds, Müller explores the diversity and foreignness of funerary customs and artifacts, the ways in which different ethnic groups communicated and interacted, and the emergence of a new collective identity that was anything but Chinese.

Table of Contents:

Preface

Zhang Qingjie 張慶捷

The Brick Inscriptions of Yifu Mogui 乙弗莫瓌 and Yifu Qiangui 乙弗乾歸 of the Northern Wei Dynasty

Shing Müller

The Inhabitants of Pingcheng (398–494): An Archaeological Survey

計量的分析を用いた北魏史研究

Author: 大知聖子  (Seiko Ochi)

Publisher: 汲古書院

Publication year: 2025

Abstracct:

本書の特徴は計量的分析を用いて北魏史研究を行う手法にある。計量的分析とは数量を通して現象を捉え、　分析することを意味する。具体的には、定量的分析（量的研究）と定性的分析（質的研究）の両方を用いるが、定性的分析に入る前にまずは定量的分析を行い、史料の特徴を掴むことからはじめている。本書がこのような分析方法を用いる理由は、量的データをエビデンスとして用いない質的研究のみを行った場合、なぜ史料の特定の部分に注目したのか、その妥当性はあるのかという説明が不足している問題があると考えるからである。

本書の第一部では如上の方法で北魏の爵制について分析し、史料に対して定量的分析を加えることの有効性を確認した。しかし、悉皆調査をして量的データを示す場合もそれを視覚化できておらず、特徴量やターゲットの関係性／相関性が分かり難い問題点もあった。そこで第二部では、有用なのにまだ知られていない知見を発見するための情報処理的プロセスである探索的データ分析、その中でもテキスト分析に特化したテキストマイニングを用い、データを数値化・可視化した上で明らかになった特徴語に着目し、質的研究を行った。

Table of Contents:

序文

第一部　北魏の爵制に関する研究

序　章　問題の所在と構成
〔北魏史研究および問題の所在／古代中国における爵制の概要／古代中国における爵制研
究および問題の所在／課題の設定〕

第一章　北魏爵制の概要と民族問題に着目した分析
〔北魏爵制の概要／授爵における有爵者の分析／北魏前期の封土の問題／付表〕

第二章　北魏前期の爵制とその特質――仮爵の検討を手掛かりに――
〔仮爵と正爵の差異／北魏前期爵制の特質／北魏前期の爵位と官品／付表〕

第三章　北魏前期における爵と品の対応の考察――南巡碑を中心に――
〔南巡碑にみられる序列／文成帝期における爵の品と将軍号・官職の官品との関係／北魏
前期における爵の品と将軍号・官職の官品との関係／付表〕

第四章　北魏後期の爵制とその特質――孝文帝の爵制改革を中心に――
〔孝文帝の爵制改革／北魏後期の賜爵の理由および官品との関係／付表〕

第五章　北魏の官と爵の関係
〔北魏の爵と功との関係／北魏の爵と考課制度との関係／北魏の官爵体系／付表〕

第六章　官当制度とその淵源――除名・免官との比較からみた――
〔唐律における除名・免官・官当について／北朝における除名・免官・官当について／魏

晋南朝における除名・免官・官当について／官当制度の本質的淵源／付表〕

終　章　北魏の官爵体系の歴史的位置付けとその展開
〔古代中国における功と爵の関係／古代中国における考課と爵の関係／古代中国における
官と爵の関係〕

補論一　北魏孝文帝の官爵改革およびその後の変質について
〔孝文帝の官爵改革／北魏後期の爵制の変質とその背景〕

補論二　爵保有者の階層にみる両晋・北魏の爵制運用の比較
〔西晋における爵位の傾向／東晋における爵位の傾向／北魏における爵位の傾向／両晋と
北魏の爵保有者の構造および爵制運用の比較／付表〕

第二部　テキストマイニング分析を用いた北魏墓誌に関する研究

第一章　デジタル・ヒューマニティーズと北魏史研究
〔北魏史研究とデジタル・ヒューマニティーズのあゆみ／中国の石刻史料データベース紹介〕

第二章　テキストマイニングによる北魏墓誌の銘辞の分析方法
〔KH Coderを用いた北魏墓誌の銘辞のテキストマイニング分析／中國哲學書電子化計劃の
分析ツールを用いた北魏墓誌研究〕

第三章　新出北魏墓誌目録〔付表〕

第四章　北魏墓誌の銘辞とその撰文――同一銘辞の問題を中心に――
〔北魏墓誌における同一銘辞／同一銘辞を持つ北魏墓誌の真偽について／北魏墓誌の銘辞
および誄の撰文者（書き手）／北魏墓誌の同一銘辞の撰文者について／付表〕

第五章　北魏女性墓誌の特徴語の抽出および語義考証
〔北魏女性墓誌研究と問題点／テキストマイニングを用いた北魏女性墓誌の銘辞の分析方
　法／北魏女性墓誌の銘辞の特徴語／付表〕

第六章　北魏男性墓誌の特徴語の抽出および語義考証
〔テキストマイニングを用いた北魏男性墓誌の銘辞の分析方法／北魏男性墓誌の銘辞の特
徴語／付表〕

おわりに――今後の課題と展望――　　　

Women Who Ruled China: Buddhism, Multiculturalism, and Governance in the Sixth Century

Author: Stephanie Balkwill

Publication year: 2024

Publisher: University of California Press

Abstract: 

In the late fifth century, a girl whose name has been forgotten by history was born at the edge of the Chinese empire. By the time of her death, she had transformed herself into Empress Dowager Ling, one of the most powerful politicians of her age and one of the first of many Buddhist women to wield incredible influence in dynastic East Asia. In this book, Stephanie Balkwill documents the Empress Dowager’s rise to power and life on the throne against the broader world of imperial China under the rule of the Northern Wei dynasty, a foreign people from Inner Asia who built their capital deep in the Chinese heartland.

Building on largely untapped Buddhist materials, Balkwill shows that the life and rule of the Empress Dowager is a larger story of the reinvention of religious, ethnic, and gender norms in a rapidly changing multicultural society. The Women Who Ruled China recovers the voices of those left out of the mainstream historical record, painting a compelling portrait of medieval Chinese society reinventing itself under the Empress Dowager’s leadership.

北魏史：遷都洛陽之前與後 (Chineses edition of 北魏史：洛陽遷都の前と後)

作者: 窪添慶文 (KUBOZOE YOSHIFUMI)

译者: 付晨晨 译 / 徐冲 审订

出版社: 北京科学技术出版社

出版年: 2025-9

Table of Contents:

序 章 001
一、迁都洛阳 003
二、五胡十六国时期—理解北魏史的前提 006

第一章　孝文帝亲政时期的改革 015
一、孝文帝即位与文明太后 017
二、从土德到水德 023
三、礼仪改革 026

第二章　迁都后的改革 031
一、从“代人”到“河南人” 033
二、墓志 036
三、禁胡服胡语 038
四、变胡姓为汉姓 042
五、官制改革（一）—消失的内朝官 043
六、官制改革（二）—九品官制的完善 048
七、定姓族 051
八、官制改革（三）—引入门阀制 054
九、考课改革 058
十、国家意志决策体系 059
十一、进攻南齐 062

第三章　从建国到统一华北—鲜卑色彩浓厚时期 065
一、代国时期 067
二、代国复兴 075
三、统一华北—从道武帝至太武帝时期 080
四、北魏政权下的各族 100
五、北魏政权下的汉族 116
六、皇帝亦可汗 119

第四章　变化之兆 125
一、军镇的变化 127
二、向镇军和州军分派代人 132
三、文成帝和献文帝 135
四、文明太后称制时期 139
五、均田制和三长制 144
六、佛教出现的变化 151
七、迁都洛阳的意义 157

第五章　盛极生变 161
一、改革的传承 163
二、锦绣洛阳 167
三、北魏的文化 175
四、代人与镇民的不满 184
五、从六镇之乱到东西分裂 187
六、东魏—北齐 192
七、西魏—北周 198

终 章 209
一、制度 212
二、统治阶层 221
三、女性的活跃、世界帝国 224
四、北魏的历史地位 227
后 记 233
北魏大事年表 237

Before and Beyond Pingcheng: The Xianbei in Inner Mongolia (4th-6th Centuries)

Editors: Annette L. Juliano / Judith A. Lerner

Publisher: Brepols Publishers

Publication year: April, 2026

Table of Contents:

Introduction

Annette L JULIANO and Judith A. LERNER, “The Puzzle of the Yihe-Nur Cemetery”

I. Nomads and the Northern Wei

Sören STARK, “Xianbei, Tegreg, and Rouran-Abar: Yihe-Nur and the Nomadic World

of Inner Asia between the Second and the Fifth/Early Sixth Century CE”

Scott PEARCE, “The Xianbei in Their Historical Setting”

Judith A. LERNER, “Cauldrons”

Chin-Yin TSENG, “The Mobile Court of Pingcheng”

II. Reaching the Red Mountains: The Xianbei and the Afterlife

Annette L JULIANO, “Tombs and Their Furnishings”

Annette L. JULIANO, “Pushou”

III. Luxury Objects

Sarah LAURSEN, “Adorned: Nomadic Gold and Bronze”

Sören STARK, “Belts and Pectorals as Elite Markers Across Second to Fifth Century

Eurasia”

Judith A. LERNER, “Luxury Objects: Local and from the West”

Annette L. JULIANO and Judith A. LERNER, “The Gold Chin Strap”

Annette L. JULIANO and Judith A. LERNER, “The Gilt Silver Earred Cup”

IV. Where the Xianbei Buddhists?

Annette L. JULIANO, “Early Buddhist Images from Inner Mongolia”

Annette L. JULIANO, “The Pointed Pectoral”

Conclusion

Annette L JULIANO and Judith A. LERNER, “The Power of Place: Yihe-Nur and the

Xianbei”

Northern Wei (386-534): A New Form of Empire in East Asia

Author: 

Scott Pearce

Publisher: 

Oxford University Press

Publication year: 

August, 2023

Abstract:
Emerging from collapse of the Han empire, the founders of Northern Wei had come south from the grasslands of Inner Asia to conquer the rich farmlands of the Yellow River plains. Northern Wei was, in fact, the first of the so-called "conquest dynasties" complex states seen repeatedly in East Asian history in which Inner Asian peoples ruled parts of the Chinese world.

An innovative contribution to East Asian and Chinese history of the medieval period, Northern Wei (386-534) combines received historical text and archaeological findings to examine the complex interactions between these originally distinct populations, and the way those interactions changed over time. Scott Pearce analyses traditions borrowed and adapted from the long-gone Han dynasty including government and taxation as well as the new cultural elements such as the use of armor for man and horse in the cavalry and the newly-invented stirrup. Further, this book discusses the fundamental change in the dynastic family, as empresses began to play an increasingly important role in the business of government. Though Northern Wei fell in the early sixth century, the nature of the state was thus fundamentally changed, in the Chinese world and East Asia as a whole; it had laid down a foundation from which a century later would emerge the world empire of Tang.

Table of Contents:

Prologue: Defining Our Arenas

Section I: On Sources
Chapter 1: The Emperor Taiwu and the Creation of History
Chapter 2: History Writing and Its Discontents

Section II: Origins
Chapter 3: Growth from out Decay
Chapter 4: Myths of Origin

Section III: A Dynasty Takes Shape
Chapter 5: The Interloper
Chapter 6: Establishing a State

Section IV: Creating an Empire
Chapter 7: The Way of War
Chapter 8: The World Shegui Entered
Chapter 9: The World Shegui Created
Chapter 10: Troubling Innovation

Section V: Pingcheng as Center of a World
Chapter 11: The Wei Army
Chapter 12: The Wolf Lord
Chapter 13: Hunting and Gathering in the Land of Dai

Section VI: End Games
Chapter 14: A Transitional Age
Chapter 15: The Two Buddhas
Chapter 16: To Luoyang
Chapter 17: Downfall of the Theater State

Summing Up; Looking Ahead

隋唐洛陽と東アジア：洛陽学の新地平

Editor:

氣賀澤保規 (Yasunori Kegasawa)

Publication date:

December 2020

Publisher:

京都：法藏館

Abstract:

洛陽に展開した政治、都城、宗教などの諸問題から中国史を問う。日中の１６名の最新成果を収録し、「洛陽学」を提唱する画期的論集。

Table of Contents:

《序論》隋唐洛陽学の意義と課題［氣賀澤保規］

第Ⅰ部　政治社会史上の洛陽
北魏の洛陽遷都と孝文帝の改革――改革の中国史上に占める位置をめぐって［川本芳昭］　

北魏洛陽における権貴勢家第宅の奢侈の風と孝文帝の遷都改革［夏炎］

煬帝大業十一年の洛陽大朝会とその背景――隋末政治史の一側面［氣賀澤保規］

複都制再考――八世紀日本の造都と天皇権から考える［佐藤文子］

安史の乱における突厥王族阿史那氏の動向――洛陽出土「大燕阿史那明義墓誌」とその関連資料を中心に［速水大］

「党争」の残照――李徳裕の洛陽帰葬とその周辺［竹内洋介］

隋・唐・五代洛陽宮の政治空間について［松本保宣］

墓誌からみる唐代洛陽の万安山［毛陽光］

第Ⅱ部　宗教空間からの洛陽世界
寺院・摩崖・石窟の位置からみた交通路――北朝後期〜隋代、洛陽より東南へ［北村一仁］

北周末より唐代初期における洛陽仏教の動向［宮嶋純子］

流動する政治景観――「昇仙太子碑」と武周・中宗朝の洛陽政局［孫英剛］

則天武后の明堂と嵩山封禅――『大雲経疏』Ｓ六五〇二を中心に［大西磨希子］

新出「岩和尚墓誌」に見る唐代洛陽の天宮寺［王慶衛］

唐代洛陽大聖真観考［雷聞］

龍門広化寺善無畏三蔵真身考――中国唐末～北宋期におけるミイラ信仰について［榎本淳一］

《特別寄稿》日本の洛陽研究に関する一考察［黄婕］

China’s Northern Wei Dynasty, 386-535: The Struggle for Legitimacy

Author:
Puning Liu

Publisher:
Routledge

Publication date:
December 22, 2020

Abstract:
The Northern Wei was a dynasty which originated outside China and ruled northern China when the south of China was ruled by a series of dynasties which originated inside China.

Both during the time that the Northern Wei dynasty was in power and over many centuries subsequently, the legitimacy of the Northern Wei dynasty has been questioned. This book outlines the history of the Northern Wei dynasty, including its origins and the history of its southern rivals; considers the practices adopted by both the Northern Wei dynasty and its rivals to establish legitimacy; and examines the debates which preoccupied Chinese scholars subsequently.

The book casts light on traditional ideas about legitimate rule in China, ideas which have enduring relevance as tradition continues to be very significant in contemporary China.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Chapter 1. History of the Northern Wei and the Southern Dynasties
Chapter 2. Establishing Legitimacy: The Northern Wei’s Practices
Chapter 3. Preserving Legitimacy: The Southern Dynasties’ Practices
Chapter 4. Tang Scholars’ Views on the Northern Wei’s Legitimacy
Chapter 5. Song Scholars’ Views on the Northern Wei’s Legitimacy
Chapter 6. Ming and Qing Scholars’ Views on the Northern Wei’s Legitimacy
Chapter 7. Traditional Chinese Views of Legitimacy and its Evolution
Epilogue

六朝隋唐文史哲論集Ⅰ : 人・家・学術

Author: 

吉川忠夫 (Tadao Yoshikawa)

Publisher: 

法藏館

Publication date:

November 2020

Abstract:
六朝隋唐期の学術史・宗教史研究にひときわ輝かしい成果を著わしてきた著者がみずから論考を厳選して編んだ待望の論文集。学術史を明らかにする二二篇を収録。

Table of Contents:

緒　言
序　章　六朝隋唐時代の社会と思想

第Ⅰ部　人 と 家
一　章　歴史のなかの伯夷叔斉
二　章　薄葬の思想
三　章　皇甫謐の「篤終論」
四　章　陶淵明の「戒子書」をめぐって
五　章　此れも亦た人の子なり
——六朝時代における「四海の内皆な兄弟」の思想——
六　章　読「庭誥」
七　章　梁の徐勉の「誡子書」
八　章　嶺南の欧陽氏
九　章　李泌と『鄴侯家伝』
十　章　中唐の韋渠牟
——道士として、僧として、また官人として——
十一章　劉 軻 伝││中唐時代史への一つの試み││

第Ⅱ部　学　　術
一　章　六朝時代における家学とその周辺
二　章　鄭玄の学塾
三　章　後漢末における荊州の学術
四　章　蜀における讖緯の学の伝統
五　章　汲冢書発見前後
六　章　裴駰の『史記集解』
七　章　北魏孝文帝借書攷
八　章　島夷と索虜のあいだ
——典籍の流伝を中心とした南北朝文化交流史——
九　章　元行沖とその「釈疑」をめぐって
十　章　韓愈と大顚

北魏史：洛陽遷都の前と後

Author:

窪添慶文 (KUBOZOE Yoshifumi)

Publisher：

東方書店

Publication date：

December 2020

Table of Contents:

まえがき
序章
　一　洛陽遷都
　二　五胡十六国時代――北魏史理解の前提

第一章　孝文帝親政期の諸改革
　一　孝文帝の即位と文明太后
　二　土徳の王朝から水徳の王朝へ
　三　儀礼の改革

第二章　遷都後の諸改革
　一　「代人」から「河南の人」へ
　二　墓誌
　三　胡服・胡語の禁止
　四　胡姓を漢姓に
　五　官制改革（1）――消えた内朝官
　六　官制改革（2）――九品官制の整備
　七　姓族分定
　八　官制改革（3）――門閥制の導入
　九　考課の改革
　一〇　国家意思決定のシステム
　一一　南朝斉への攻撃

第三章　建国から華北統一まで――濃厚な鮮卑色の時期
　一　代国時代
　二　代国の復活
　三　華北統一へ――道武帝～太武帝の時期
　　　◆帝国への脱皮
　　　◆皇帝位の継承
　　　◆帝国の拡大――華北の統一
　　　◆北魏包囲網とそれへの対処――北魏の対外関係
　四　北魏政権下の諸族
　　　◆征服された諸族と旧来の諸族
　　　◆部族解散
　　　◆部族解散された人々のあり方（1）
　◆部族解散された人々のあり方（2）
　五　北魏政権下の漢族
　六　可汗とも称した北魏皇帝

第四章　変化のきざし
　一　鎮にみられる変化
　二　鎮軍と州軍への「代人」の分出
　三　文成帝と献文帝
　四　文明太后称制期
　五　均田制と三長制
　六　仏教に現れた変化
　七　洛陽遷都のもつ意味

第五章　繁栄、そして暗転
　一　改革の継承
　二　洛陽の繁栄
　三　北魏の文化
　四　「代人」や鎮民の不満
　五　六鎮の乱から東西分裂まで
　六　東魏・北斉
　七　西魏・北周

終章
　一　制度
　二　支配階層
　三　女性の活躍・世界帝国
　四　北魏史の位置づけ
あとがき
北魏関係年表

草原の制覇 大モンゴルまで （シリーズ中国の歴史3）

Author:
古松崇志  (Takashi Furumatsu)

Publisher:
岩波書店

Publication date:
March 2020

Table of Contents:

いま、中国史をみつめなおすために――シリーズ中国の歴史のねらい（執筆者一同）
はじめに

序章　ユーラシア東方史と遊牧王朝
　一　中央ユーラシアの騎馬遊牧民
　二　遊牧と農耕が出会うユーラシア東方史

第一章　拓跋（タブガチ）とテュルク
　一　鮮卑拓跋部と北魏
　二　唐と突厥の興亡
　三　安史の乱の激動

第二章　契丹と沙陀
　一　契丹の建国
　二　沙陀の勃興
　三　沙陀系王朝と契丹

第三章　澶淵の盟と多国体制
　一　澶淵の盟への道
　二　タングト・西夏の台頭
　三　契丹情勢と北宋の西北経略

第四章　金（女真）の覇権
　一　女真の勃興
　二　金の覇権とユーラシア東方情勢
　三　金の変革と北方情勢

第五章　大モンゴルと中国
　一　大イェケモンゴル国ウルスの建国と拡大
　二　クビライと大元ウルス
　三　ユーラシアの東西交流と中国

中国初期仏塔の研究

Author:
向井 佑介 (MUKAI, Yusuke)

Publisher:
臨川書店

Publication date:
March 2020

Table of Contents:
序　章　中国初期仏塔研究の現状と課題
第一節　中国初期仏塔研究のはじまり　/　第二節　中国初期仏教寺院の考古学的調査　/　第三節　中国仏教寺院研究の課題と本研究の射程

第Ⅰ部　仏塔の受容と信仰
第一章　仏教寺院の中国伝来
第一節　阿育王塔と白馬寺の伝説　/　第二節　後漢時代の仏教信仰　/　第三節　「浮図祠」の探索　/　第四節　出土資料からみた中原の初期仏教

第二章　仏塔の中国的変容
第一節　中国初期仏塔のすがた　/　第二節　仏塔と天上世界

第Ⅱ部　仏塔と舎利埋納
第三章　北魏興安二年舎利石函の図像学
第一節　北魏興安二年石函の発見　/　第二節　興安二年石函と雲岡石窟の図像　/　第三節　山岳紋様と比丘図像の系譜　/　第四節　石函の図像解釈と思想

第四章　南北朝仏塔の舎利埋納
第一節　仏舎利の奇蹟譚　/　第二節　東晋・南朝の舎利埋納　/　第三節　北魏太和五年石函出土文物の検討　/　第四節　東魏・北斉鄴城の仏塔と舎利埋納

第Ⅲ部　雲岡石窟の寺院景観
第五章　雲岡石窟の瓦と寺院景観
第一節　雲岡石窟出土瓦の様式と編年　/　第二節　瓦からみた雲岡石窟の寺院景観

第六章　雲岡石窟の仏塔意匠
第一節　仏塔意匠の三種　/　第二節　石塔形重層柱　/　第三節　覆鉢式塔　/　第四節　楼閣式重層塔　/　第五節　仏塔意匠の流行と雲岡石窟の景観

第Ⅳ部　仏塔の構造と空間配置
第七章　北魏平城時代の仏教寺院と塑像
第一節　北魏平城時代の塑像出土寺院　/　第二節　堂塔の配置と構造　/　第三節　塑像と壁画による堂塔の荘厳

第八章　中国における双塔伽藍の成立と展開
第一節　東晋・南朝における双塔伽藍の出現　/　第二節　北魏における双塔伽藍の出現　/　第三節　隋の双塔伽藍　/　第四節　初唐の双塔伽藍とその影響
第五節　唐代における双塔伽藍の変質

終　章　中国仏塔の成立と伝播
第一節　中国仏教寺院の黎明　/　第二節　仏教寺院の本格的受容　/　第三節　仏教寺院の変容と伝播

Chinese Funerary Biographies: An Anthology of Remembered Lives

Editors:
Patricia Buckley Ebrey, Ping Yao, Cong Ellen Zhang

Publisher:
University of Washington Press

Publication date:
January 2020

Abstract:
Tens of thousands of epitaphs, or funerary biographies, survive from imperial China. Engraved on stone and placed in a grave, they typically focus on the deceased's biography and exemplary words and deeds, expressing the survivors' longing for the dead. These epitaphs provide glimpses of the lives of women, men who did not leave a mark politically, and children―people who are not well documented in more conventional sources such as dynastic histories and local gazetteers.

This anthology of translations makes available funerary biographies covering nearly two thousand years, from the Han dynasty through the nineteenth century, selected for their value as teaching material for courses in Chinese history, literature, and women's studies as well as world history. Because they include revealing details about personal conduct, families, local conditions, and social, cultural, and religious practices, these epitaphs illustrate ways of thinking and the realities of daily life. Most can be read and analyzed on multiple levels, and they stimulate investigation of topics such as the emotional tenor of family relations, rituals associated with death, Confucian values, women's lives as written about by men, and the use of sources assumed to be biased. These biographies will be especially effective when combined with more readily available primary sources such as official documents, religious and intellectual discourses, and anecdotal stories, promising to generate provocative discussion of literary genre, the ways historians use sources, and how writers shape their accounts.

Table of Contents:

Three short eastern Han funerary biographies : epitaphs for Ma Jiang (34-106), Wu Zhongshan (ca. 92-172), and Kong Dan (fl. 182) / translated by Ping Yao and Patricia Ebrey

A Chinese general serving the Northern Wei state : entombed epitaph for the late Wei dynasty overseer of military affairs, Sima Yue 司馬悅 (462-508) / translated by Timothy Davis

A twice-widowed Xianbei princess: epitaph with preface for the Great Enlightenment Temple nun surnamed Yuan (475-529) 元純陀 / translated by Jender Lee 李貞德

Authoring one's own epitaph : self-authored epitaph / by Wang Ji (590-644) ; Inscription dictated while near death / by Wang Xuanzong (633-686) ; translated by Alexei Kamran Ditter

Wives commemorating their husbands : epitaph for Cao Yin (fl. 7th century) / by Madame Zhou (fl. 7th century) ; Epitaph for He Jian (686-742) / by Madame Xin (fl. 742) ; translated by Ping Yao

A married daughter and a grandson : entombed funerary inscription for my daughter the late Madame Dugu (785-815) and entombed record for my grandson (803-815) who died young (Quan Shunsun, 803-815) / by Quan Deyu (759-818) ; translated by Anna Shields

A nun who lived through the Huichang persecution of Buddhism : epitaph for Daoist nun (Zhi Zhijian, 812-861) / by Zhi Mo (fl. 860) ; translated by Ping Yao

An envoy serving the Kitan Liao Son of Heaven : epitaph for Han Chun (d. 1035), court ceremonial commissioner / by Li Wan (fl. 1012-1036) ; translated by Lance Pursey

Epitaphs made widely available : funerary biographies for three men of Luzhou: Liang Jian (d. 1042), Wang Cheng (d. 1042), and Chen Hou (1065-1123) / translated by Man Xu

A friend and political ally : funerary inscription for Mr. Culai (Shi Jie, 1005-1045) / by Ouyang Xiu (1007-1072) ; translated by Cong Ellen Zhang

Preserving a father's memory : funerary inscription for Chao Juncheng (1029-1075) / by Huang

Tingjian (1045-1105) / translated by Cong Ellen Zhang

A gentleman without office : epitaph for the scholar residing at home Wei Xiongfei (1130-1207) / by Wei Liaoweng (1178-1237) ; translated by Mark Halperin

Wives and in-laws : funerary inscription for [my father-in-law] Mr. Zou of Fengcheng (Zou Yilong, 1204-1255) and funerary inscription for [my wife] Madame Plum Mansion (zou Miaozhuang, 1230-1257) / by Yao Mian (1216-1262) ; translated by Beverly Bossler

A clerk promoted to official under the Mongols : funerary inscription for Mr. Su (Su Zhidao, 1261-1320), director of the left and right offices of the branch secretariat for the Lingbei region / by Yu Ji (1271-1348) ; translated by Patricia Buckley Ebrey

A Mongol rising to the defense of the realm : epitaph for grand guardian Sayin Idaqu (1317-1365) / by Zhang Zhu (1287-1368) / translated by Tomoyasu Iiyama 飯山知保

A merchant aspiring to gentlemanly virtue : funerary biography of the gentleman residing at home Cheng Weiqing (1531-1588) / by Wang Shizhen (1526-1590) ; translated by Yongtao Du

A Ming general turned warlord : the General Mao Wenlong (1579-1629) / by Mao Qiling (1623-1716) ; translated by Xing Hang

A brother remembers his sister : the epitaph of my sister Madam Fang (1600-1668) / by Qian Chengzhi (1612- 1698) ; translated by Martin Huang

A Chinese bannerman expert in waterworks : epitaph for Jin Fu (1633-1692), director-general of river conservancy / by Wang Shizhen (1634-1711) ; translated by R. Kent Guy

A woman determined to die : epitaph for the joint burial of Scholar Wu (1666-1687) and his martyred wife Madame Dai (1666-1687) / by Mao Qiling (1623-1716) ; translated by Jolan Yi

A wife's sacrifices : a living epitaph of my wife Madame Sun (1769-1833) / by Fang Dongshu (1772-1851) ; translated by Weijing Lu

A wife's moving tribute : epitaph for Zeng Yong (1813-1862) / by Zuo Xijia (1831-1896) ; translated by Grace S. Fong

Early Medieval China 25 《中國中古研究》第25期 (2019)

Table of Contents:

Special Issue: Essays in Honor of Albert E. Dien’s Scholarly Contributions to the Study of the Northern Dynasties on the Occasion of his 90th Birthday

Guest Editors: Jonathan K. Skaff and Scott Pearce

Editors’ Note
JONATHAN K. SKAFF AND SCOTT PEARCE

ARTICLES

Albert E. Dien: A Short Biography of a Scholarly Explorer
JONATHAN KARAM SKAFF

Albert Dien’s Contribution to Study of the Northern Dynasties
SCOTT PEARCE

The Nature of the Hu: Wuhuan and Xianbei Ethnography in the San Guo Zhi and Hou Han Shu
NINA DUTHIE

A Preliminary Study of the Lacquerware of the Northern Dynasties, with a Special Focus on the Pingcheng Period (398–493)
SHING MÜLLER

Tribute, Hostages, and Marriage Alliances: A Close Reading of Diplomatic Strategies in the Northern Wei Period
ARMIN SELBITSCHKA

The Use and Understanding of Domestic Animals in Early Medieval Northern China
KEITH N. KNAPP

Priests and Other Xian 祆 Ritual Performers in Medieval China
PÉNÉLOPE RIBOUD

Bibliography of Albert E. Dien Since 2008

(via Michael Farmer)

The Cambridge History of China Volume 2: The Six Dynasties, 220–589

Editors:
Albert E. Dien & Keith N. Knapp

Publisher:

Cambridge University Press

Publication date:

2019

Abstract:

The Six Dynasties Period (220–589 CE) is one of the most complex in Chinese history. Written by leading scholars from across the globe, the essays in this volume cover nearly every aspect of the period, including politics, foreign relations, warfare, agriculture, gender, art, philosophy, material culture, local society, and music. While acknowledging the era's political chaos, these essays indicate that this was a transformative period when Chinese culture was significantly changed and enriched by foreign peoples and ideas. It was also a time when history and literature became recognized as independent subjects and religion was transformed by the domestication of Buddhism and the formation of organized Daoism. Many of the trends that shaped the rest of imperial China's history have their origins in this era, such as the commercial vibrancy of southern China, the separation of history and literature from classical studies, and the growing importance of women in politics and religion.

Table of Contents:

Introduction
Part I. History:
1. Wei   Rafe de Crespigny
2. Wu   Rafe de Crespigny
3. Shu-Han   J. Michael Farmer
4. Western Jin   Damien Chaussende
5. Eastern Jin   Charles Holcombe
6. The Sixteen Kingdoms   Charles Holcombe
7. Cheng-Han State   Terry F. Kleeman
8. Northern Wei   Scott Pearce
9. Eastern Wei-Northern Qi   Albert E. Dien
10. Western Wei-Northern Zhou   Albert E. Dien
11. The Southern dynasties   Andrew Chittick

Part II. Society and Realia:
12. The art of war  David A. Graff
13. Foreign relations  Charles Holcombe
14. The Northern economy  Victor Cunrui Xiong
15. The Southern economy  Liu Shufen 劉淑芬
16. Agriculture  Francesca Bray
17. The history of Sogdians in China  Rong Xinjiang 榮新江
18. Northern material culture  Shing Müller
19. Southern material culture   Annette Kieser
20. Women, families, and gendered society  Jen-der Lee 李貞德
21. Local society Hou Xudong 侯旭東

Part III. Culture, Religion and Art:
22. Confucian learning and influence   Keith N. Knapp
23. Qingtan and Xuanxue   Y. K. Lo
24. Buddhism   John Kieschnick
25. Daoism   Stephen R. Bokenkamp
26. Popular religion   Robert Ford Campany
27. The world of prose literature   Antje Richter
28. The world of poetry   Cynthia Chennault
29. Art and visual culture   Wu Hung 巫鴻
30. Music   Bo Lawergren

水経注疏訳注（穀水篇）

Editor:
東洋文庫中国古代地域史研究グループ

Publisher:
東洋文庫

Publication year:
2019
     

Table of Contents:
     
序言
東洋文庫 中国古代地域史研究グループ,窪添 慶文
   
[図版] 穀水(澗河) 流域の『水経注』関連都城・集落遺跡

穀水（澗河）流域の標点移籍と穀水河道の遺構
塩沢 裕仁

漢・魏晋・北魏の洛陽城
窪添 慶文
  
『水経注疏』訳注凡例
      
『水経注疏』巻十六　穀水
       
『水経注疏』巻十六　甘水
        
『水経注疏』巻十六　漆水
        
『水経注疏』巻十六　滻水
     
『水経注疏』巻十六　沮水
   
『水経注疏』巻十六　影印
    
索引
         
公益財団法人東洋文庫所蔵明版水経注三種
會谷 佳光

Link:
https://toyo-bunko.repo.nii.ac.jp/index.php?action=pages_view_main&active_action=repository_view_main_item_snippet&index_id=1302&pn=1&count=20&order=17&lang=japanese&page_id=25&block_id=47

Photo credit:
東洋学報

Early Medieval North China: Archaeological and Textual Evidence

Editors:
Shing Müller, Thomas O. Höllmann, and Sonja Filip

Publication date:
2019

Publisher:
Harrassowitz Verlag · Wiesbaden

Abstract:

The Xianbei from southeast Mongolia were the first foreign sovereignty over North China since the 4th century. During the 200 years of Xianbei rulership, the cultures of old and new inhabitants – the Han-Chinese, the Xianbei and diverse steppe peoples, the Sogdians and other Central Asians from the west – confronted and competed with one another.

This volume is one of the first in Europe that concentrates on the cultural conflicts and the emergence of new traditions in North China during the Early Medieval period. Topics include archaeological evidence of the early Fuyu culture in southern Manchuria and early traces of Sogdians in Qinghai, impacts of Buddhism in the formation of new funerary cults and new city planning, the hybridization of diverse funerary traditions such as the use of head rests and stone beds and house-shaped sarcophagi, the emergence of a multiple identity for denizens as an adaptation to a fast changing world, and the militarization of the northern society as seen in murals and in defense lines. Also included are new insights on the Chinese sabao and Sogdian s’rtp’w titles, and discussions on Sogdian slaves in the Kocho Kingdom as well as on “multi-culture” in Chinese historiographical works.

Table of Contents:

EARLY MEDIEVAL SOCIETIES:HISTORICAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE

Monique Nagel-Angermann 丁慕妮
Cultural Diversity in Early Medieval Northern China from the Perspective of Chinese Historiography (從史籍看中古世紀早期中國北方的文化多樣性)

Annette Kieser 安然
Eastern Jin Society from the Perspective of the Archaeological Evidence:  A Preliminary Survey (從考古角度看東晉社會)  

田立坤 Tian Likun 
四世紀夫餘史蹟鈎沉 (Exploring the Forgotten History of the Fuyu 夫餘of the 4th Century: An Archaeological and Textual Survey)

張志忠 Zhang Zhizhong 
大同北魏墓葬佛教圖像淺議 (On the Buddhist Imagery of a Northern Wei Tomb in Datong) 

林聖智 Lin Sheng-chih 
反思北魏的宗教與墓葬圖像 (Rethinking the Religious and Funerary Iconography of the Northern Wei Dynasty)

Chin-Yin Tseng 曾慶盈 
Imagining the Self in Northern Wei: Case Studies of Shaling M7 and Yanbei Shiyuan M5 (北魏時代的自我畫像: 以沙嶺M7與雁北師院M5為例)

羅豐 Luo Feng 
固原北魏漆棺畫年代的再確定 (The Painted Northern Wei  Lacquer Coffin of Guyuan: Dating Revised)

魏堅 Wei Jian
牛川古城與北魏六鎮 (The Niuchuan Fortress and the Six Garrisons of the Northern Wei Dynasty)

張慶捷 Zhang Qingjie 
忻州九原崗北朝壁畫墓軍事內容窺探 (Military Themes in the Murals of the Northern Dynasties Tomb in Xinzhou)

王銀田 Wang Yintian
北朝時期的獸面紋: 以鋪首銜環為例 (Animal Masks of the Northern Dynasties) 


BECOMING METROPOLITAN

錢國祥 Qian Guoxiang

北魏洛陽宮城的勘察研究新進展 (The Imperial City of the Northern Wei Luoyang in Light of Recent Archaeological Studies)

朱岩石 Zhu Yanshi 

東魏北齊鄴城皇家佛寺遺跡考古發現與研究 (Buddhist Temples in the Eastern Wei/Northern Qi City of Ye: An Archaeological Study)

Dorothy C. Wong 王靜芬

Buddhist Transformation of Chang’an’s Architectural and Cultural Landscape, ca. 650–720 (佛教對長安建築與文化的改造, 約 650 年至 720 年)

SOGDIAN DIASPORA

張建林, 才洛太 Zhang Jianlin, Tshelothar (Cai Luotai) 

青海藏醫藥文化博物館藏彩繪棺板 (Painted Wooden Coffins in the Tibetan Medical Culture Museum) 

Jonathan Karam Skaff 斯加夫

Slavery and Foreign Slaves at Turfan during the Gaochang Kingdom (442–640) (高昌國（442–640）時期吐魯番地區的奴隸制與胡奴)

Albert E. Dien 丁愛博

Consideration of Some Aspects of the Sogdian Experience in China: From sabo to s’rtp’w (入華粟特人的生命歷程: 從“薩薄”到“s’rtp’w”)

CULTURAL INTERACTIONS

倪潤安 Ni Run’an 

北魏平城灰枕葬俗考 (Funerary Headrests in the Northern Wei Pingcheng Burials) 

韋正 Wei Zheng 

五世紀中後期的平城: 以墓葬資料為中心的觀察 (Pingcheng in the  Second Half of the Fifth Century as Seen fromBurial Materials)

Shing Müller 宋馨

Funerary Beds and Houses of the Northern Dynasties (北朝的石床與石室) 

白雲翔 Bai Yunxiang 

北朝時期民族文化交流與融合的宏觀考察: 以北朝墓葬遺存為中心(The Confluence of Cultures during the Northern Dynasties Period from the Aspect of Tomb Findings)

齊東方 Qi Dongfang 

生與死——兩個世界的徘徊 (Life and Death – Pondering the Two Worlds) 

[Dissertation] Cultural Encounters: Ethnic Complexity and Material Expression in Fifth-Century Pingcheng, China

Author:
ZHANG, Fan 張帆

School:
New York University

Defended:
2018

Abstract:

My dissertation focuses on art and material culture produced in the city of Pingcheng, the capital of the Northern Wei dynasty (386–535 CE) during the fifth century. A city of immigrants from diverse social, ethnic, and cultural backgrounds, Pingcheng was an unusually fertile land for vigorous cultural exchanges. Through investigation into material remains, from both funerary and religious contexts, and textual sources, both transmitted and excavated, my research delineate multiple ethnicity, artistic innovation, and cross-cultural interactions of Pingcheng. I adopt an interdisciplinary approach that combines art history, archaeology, and history to examine how individuals articulate their identities in a multiethnic society via various visual and material forms. Built on top of a set comprehensive archaeological data, this project highlights three tombs for in-depth case studies, including funerary portraits that display identities of the deceased, innovative burial furniture that crosses ethnic boundaries and showcases Pingcheng’s syncretism, and exotic silverwares that exemplify the intensive cultural exchange between East and Central Asia.

My dissertation challenges the Sino-centric perspective and Han/non-Han binary division. By investigating artistic productions associated with individuals, I explore the mediating role art plays in the social network and the process of identity articulation. My research situates Northern Wei art in a trans-cultural context of Eurasia by tracking movements of objects and migration of people. My emphasis on material culture also expands the scope of art historical study by including less-studied genres and experimenting with a trans-medium approach to conceptualize funerary art.

北朝社会における南朝文化の受容: 外交使節と亡命者の影響

Author:
堀内淳一 (HORIUCHI Junichi)

Publisher:
東方書店

Publication date:
March, 2018

Table of Contents:

序　 章　南北朝交流史の問題と展開
　一　問題意識と課題の設定
　二　北朝と南朝の間の交流に関する研究史
　三　本書の構成

第一章　南北朝間の使節よりみた「文化」の多様性
　はじめに
　一　使者の選定とその背景
　二　使節による文化交流の具体的事例
　三　使者の体現する「文化」の範囲
　四　北朝における使者の資質
　おわりに

第二章　南北朝間の外交使節と経済交流――馬と柑橘――
　はじめに
　一　遣使と来聘
　二　使節の私的な交流
　三　軍事力と正統性の交換
　おわりに

第三章　北朝の使者の帰国後
　はじめに
　一　北魏の南朝遣使と制度改革
　二　魏斉革命と南朝への使者
　三　隋の対陳使者と陳の平定
　おわりに

第四章　府佐属僚からみた北魏の亡命氏族
　はじめに
　一　劉昶・王肅の府佐の構成
　二　亡命者の子孫の府主について
　三　北魏貴族社会と亡命者
　おわりに

第五章　司馬氏の帰郷
　はじめに
　一　司馬氏の北帰について
　二　北魏前期における司馬氏
　三　司馬氏を騙るものたち
　四　華北名族としての司馬氏
　おわりに

第六章　北魏宗室の亡命と帰還
　はじめに
　一　北魏宗室の亡命の理由と経緯
　二　梁における北魏宗室の待遇と帰国
　三　北魏宗室以外の貴族の亡命と帰還
　おわりに

補　 論　『陳書』の編纂過程と隋陳関係記事
　はじめに
　一　『陳書』における隋陳外交記事の欠落
　二　『陳書』の成書と流伝
　三　『陳書』阮卓伝にみる隋陳関係
　おわりに

終　 章　北朝貴族の目に映る南朝――「島夷」から「万国安和」へ

Languages of Ancient Southern Mongolia and North China

Subtitle:
A Historical-Comparative Study of the Serbi or Xianbei Branch of the Serbi-Mongolic Language Family, with an Analysis of Northeastern Frontier Chinese and Old Tibetan Phonology

Author:
Andrew Shimunek

Publication Date:
May 2017

Publisher:
Wiesbaden : Harrassowitz Verlag

Abstract:

This is the first book on the Serbi-Mongolic language family – a major language family of Asia – and the first modern linguistic study of the Serbi (Xianbei 鮮卑) peoples, whose conquest of North China took place at approximately the same time as the Germanic and Hunnic Völkerwanderung into the former Western Roman Empire. The findings presented in this book – the first rigorous and systematic unified theory on the origins of the Mongolic and Serbi languages – add substantially to our understanding of the linguistic geography of Eastern Eurasia, and to the ethnolinguistic history of the Mongolic peoples and their neighbors, including speakers of Chinese, Japanese-Koguryoic, Tibeto-Burman, Tungusic, possibly Indo-European, and later, Turkic. This book also enhances our understanding of attested Middle Chinese, Early Old Mandarin, and Old Tibetan phonology. Moreover, it is the first study to present linguistic sketches of Taghbach (Tuoba 拓跋), Tuyuhun 吐谷渾 (’Azha འ་ཞ་), and Kitan (Qidan 契丹), and to systematically compare Kitan and Mongol morphological and syntactic paradigms, resulting in the first reconstruction of Common Serbi-Mongolic phonology, morphology, lexicon, and syntax. Readers interested in Mongolia, the Mongols, North China, Central Eurasia, the Tibetan Empire, languages of Asia, historical linguistics, and history will find this book to be a useful resource.

Table of Contents:
1. Previous Theories on the Origins of the Mongolic Languages
2. A Brief Ethnolinguistic History of the Serbi-Mongolic Peoples
3. Early Northern Frontier Varieties of Chinese
4. Notes on the Phonology of Old Tibetan
5. Taghbach and other Middle Serbi Dialects of the Northern Wei
6. The T’u-yü-hun (‘Azha) Language
7. The Kitan Language
8. Toward a Reconstruction of Common Serbi-Mongolic
9. The Proto-Serbi-Mongolic Homeland
10. Conclusion