Subtitle:
A Historical-Comparative Study of the Serbi or Xianbei Branch of the Serbi-Mongolic Language Family, with an Analysis of Northeastern Frontier Chinese and Old Tibetan Phonology
Author:
Andrew Shimunek
Publication Date:
May 2017
Publisher:
Wiesbaden : Harrassowitz Verlag
Abstract:
This is the first book on the Serbi-Mongolic language family – a major language family of Asia – and the first modern linguistic study of the Serbi (Xianbei 鮮卑) peoples, whose conquest of North China took place at approximately the same time as the Germanic and Hunnic Völkerwanderung into the former Western Roman Empire. The findings presented in this book – the first rigorous and systematic unified theory on the origins of the Mongolic and Serbi languages – add substantially to our understanding of the linguistic geography of Eastern Eurasia, and to the ethnolinguistic history of the Mongolic peoples and their neighbors, including speakers of Chinese, Japanese-Koguryoic, Tibeto-Burman, Tungusic, possibly Indo-European, and later, Turkic. This book also enhances our understanding of attested Middle Chinese, Early Old Mandarin, and Old Tibetan phonology. Moreover, it is the first study to present linguistic sketches of Taghbach (Tuoba 拓跋), Tuyuhun 吐谷渾 (’Azha འ་ཞ་), and Kitan (Qidan 契丹), and to systematically compare Kitan and Mongol morphological and syntactic paradigms, resulting in the first reconstruction of Common Serbi-Mongolic phonology, morphology, lexicon, and syntax. Readers interested in Mongolia, the Mongols, North China, Central Eurasia, the Tibetan Empire, languages of Asia, historical linguistics, and history will find this book to be a useful resource.
Table of Contents:
1. Previous Theories on the Origins of the Mongolic Languages
2. A Brief Ethnolinguistic History of the Serbi-Mongolic Peoples
3. Early Northern Frontier Varieties of Chinese
4. Notes on the Phonology of Old Tibetan
5. Taghbach and other Middle Serbi Dialects of the Northern Wei
6. The T’u-yü-hun (‘Azha) Language
7. The Kitan Language
8. Toward a Reconstruction of Common Serbi-Mongolic
9. The Proto-Serbi-Mongolic Homeland
10. Conclusion
Author:
WANG, Penglin
Publication Date:
March 2018
Publisher:
Lexington Books
Abstract:
In Linguistic Mysteries of Ethnonyms in Inner Asia, Penglin Wang focuses on semantics as a central theme in onomastics and strives to unravel the origin and meaning of a series of influential ethnonyms such as Xianbei, Rouran, Tabγač, Tatar, Shiwei, Mongol, Merkid, Nüzhen, Jušen, and Nikan. Since much of modern research has dealt with issues of Inner Asian ethnonyms within a regional framework, Wang’s exploration of the early Indo-European and Altaic influence on the ethnonymic designations of Mongol-Tungusic and Turkic groups opens up a new horizon for transcontinental approaches, which represent an important thrust in Inner Asian and Eurasian studies. Wang has based this comprehensive study on textual, cross-linguistic, and patterned analysis of the ethnonyms found primarily in ancient Chinese sources.
Table of Contents:
1. A Linguistic Approach to Ethnonyms
2. Numerals in Ethnonyms
3. Xianbei as Cold
4. Tabγač as Farmer
5. Shiwei 室韋 at the Juncture of Septenary and North
6. Mongol and Merkit as Sunrise
7. Jušen and Nikan as Deictic Expressions
Author:
川本芳昭
Publisher:
汲古書屋
Publication Year:
2015
Table of Contents:
序 言
第一篇 漢唐間における北中国の動向―民族問題を中心として見た―
第一章 北朝国家論
孝文帝による改革以前の北魏／「部」体制国家の形骸化と中国王朝への転身／同化と中華の理解をめぐって
第二章 北魏文成帝南巡碑について
碑陰原文「復元」／研究史の整理／南巡碑陰についての若干の私見〔「内侍」の実態について・『魏書』の記載をめぐって〕
第三章 鮮卑の文字について―漢唐間における中華意識の叢生と関連して―
『隋書』経籍志に見える「国語」／鮮卑の文字について／国語を用いた書物存在の意味するもの
第四章 三国期段階における烏丸・鮮卑について―交流と変容との観点から見た―
前漢・後漢期の状況―属民化と傭兵化―／後漢末・魏晋期の状況―自立化と融合の始まり―〔固有の風俗の存続・自立化と融合の始まり（自立化・混淆化）〕
第五章 北魏内朝再論―比較史の観点から見た―
北魏内朝についての近年の研究に対する若干の私見／内朝に関わる比較史の試論―北魏と倭国、および漢―
第二篇 漢唐間における東アジアの動向と古代日本の国家形成
第一章 漢唐間における「新」中華意識の形成―古代日本・朝鮮と中国との関連をめ
ぐって―古代日本における中華意識の形成／古代朝鮮諸国の場合〔高句麗の場合・百済の場合・新羅の場合〕／古代日本・朝鮮における中華意識形成の先駆け／魏晋南朝の世界秩序と北朝隋唐の世界秩序
第二章 隋書倭国伝と日本書紀推古紀の記述をめぐって―遣隋使覚書―
裴世清のもたらした国書をめぐる記述について／『日本書紀』の遣隋使関係史料の信憑性について／小野妹子の失書
第三章 倭国における対外交渉の変遷について―中華意識の形成と大宰府の成立との関連から見た―魏志倭人伝以前の外交〔奴国の外交／倭国の成立／伊都国と邪馬台国〕／倭の五王以降の日本と外交〔倭の五王の半島進出と沖ノ島・那津官家の設置〕／大宰府の成立をめぐって〔筑紫大宰と大宰府・大宰府と倭国の中華意識〕
第四章 倭の五王の自称と東アジアの国際情勢
倭の五王時代における官号自称と除正／倭王の自称と治天下大王
第三篇 漢唐間における西南中国の動向
第一章 漢唐間における雲南と日本との関係について―比較史の観点から見た―
滇王之印と漢委奴国王印／その後の西南中国の歴史展開―隋唐帝国出現以前―／隋唐の拡大と北中国・西南中国の動向
第二章 民族問題を中心として見た魏晋段階における四川地域の状況について
四川西南部の状況／四川東部の状況／四川北部の状況
第三章 民族問題を中心として見た五胡十六国南北朝期段階における四川地域の状況について南朝期の四川〔劉宋時代の四川・南斉時代の四川・梁時代の四川〕／北朝期の四川―北魏・西魏時代の四川―
第四章 民族問題を中心として見た北朝後期段階における四川地域の状況について
北周時代の四川／隋時代の四川／唐時代以降の推移
第四篇 漢唐間の民族をめぐる諸問題と東アジア
第一章 民族問題を中心として見た魏晋南北朝隋唐時代史研究の動向
朴漢濟氏の所説をめぐって／当該時代における中国中南部地域の民族問題
第二章 遼金における正統観をめぐって―北魏の場合との比較―
遼の正統意識について／金の正統意識について／北魏の場合との比較
第三章 崔致遠と阿倍仲麻呂―古代朝鮮・日本における「中国化」との関連から見た―唐朝官僚としての崔致遠の自他意識／阿倍仲麻呂と科挙登第／阿倍仲麻呂にとっての中国と日本／阿倍仲麻呂・崔致遠に対する後世の評価と国制の変遷
第四章 中国前近代における所謂中華帝国の構造についての覚書―北魏と元・遼、および漢との比較―遼との比較／漢との比較
あとがき―所謂「少数民族」の理解をめぐって―
索 引
Author:
Chin-Yin Tseng
Publisher:
Archaeopress
Publication Year:
2013
Abstract:
This work comprises several studies dealing with the society, economy, ideology and power among the mainly tribal, semi-pastoral communities living and moving around the southern arid margins of the southern Levant, particularly the Negev desert, southern Transjordan (ancient Edom) and north-eastern Sinai during the first millennium BCE.
Table of Contents:
Chapter One Introduction
Chapter Two Pingcheng and the Rituals of Empire
Chapter Three Yungang and the Tuoba Kingship
Chapter Four Life and Death of the Northern Wei Elite
Chapter Five The Many Faces of the Tuoba
Author:
Duthie, Nina.
School:
Columbia University
Publication Year:
2015
Advisor:
Robert Hymes (韓明士)
Degree:
Ph.D.
Abstract:
In this dissertation, I explore Wei shu (魏書) historiography on the early Northern Wei imperial state, which was founded by the Tuoba Xianbei in the late fourth century C.E. In examining the Wei shu narrative of the Northern Wei founding, I illuminate not only the representation of cultural and imperial authority in the reigns of the early Northern Wei emperors, but also investigate historiography on the pre-imperial Tuoba past. I argue that the Wei shu narrative of Tuoba origins and ancestors is constructed from the perspective of the moment of the Northern Wei founding. Or, to view it the other way around, the founding of the Northern Wei imperial state by Tuoba Gui 拓拔珪 signifies the culmination of the Wei shu narrative on the early Tuoba.
This narrative of the early Tuoba past is of course teleological: Essentially everything in this phase of Tuoba historiography leads up to the moment of the Northern Wei imperial founding, including genealogical descent from a son of Huangdi, who is represented as the Xianbei progenitor, in a remote northern wilderness; the continuous succession of Tuoba rulers that followed; and the journeys that brought the Tuoba out of the wilderness and toward the geographical center.
In focusing on the account of the inaugural reign of Tuoba Gui, the Northern Wei founder, and the record of his ritual practice as emperor, I have discovered tensions in Wei shu historiography that I believe signal toward some of the actual cultural contestation that attended the founding of the Northern Wei imperial state. The Wei shu historiography on Buddhism in the early Northern Wei then, I argue, presents an alternative source of authority, one that stands outside both an imperial Han inheritance and a culturally Tuoba tradition.
Link:
http://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac%3A186705
Author:
Sarah Laursen
Publication Year:
2011
University:
University of Pennsylvania
Degree:
Ph.D.
Advisor:
Nancy S. Steinhardt
Abstract:
Over the last fifty years, rich finds of gold objects have been uncovered in China’s northeastern Liaoning province. These tombs belonged to a tribe of steppe nomads called the Murong Xianbei who settled north of the Great Wall during the Han dynasty and established a succession of short-lived states called Yan that ruled parts of Northeast Asia during the third to fifth centuries CE. Until now, the history of the Murong and the rapidly emerging field of Murong archaeology have been published almost exclusively in Chinese. This dissertation seeks to rectify the lack of Western scholarship about this unique border population and their cultural identity as expressed though gold personal adornments.
The gold objects in Murong tombs are typically decorated with some combination of openwork and pendant gold leaves attached by wires, some taking the form of trees or antlers. These were probably affixed to fabric caps and have been associated with ornaments described in the Chinese histories as buyao (“step-sway”) ornaments because their thin sheet gold leaves tremble and sway with each step the wearer takes. However, leaf-covered gold crowns and headdresses excavated from tombs across Central Asia, Western Asia, and the Mediterranean have also been proposed as prototypes. This dissertation considers the existing textual and visual data supporting arguments for local and western origins and arrives at new conclusions concerning the relationships between Murong artisans and their counterparts in China, Central Asia, and the Near East though the careful study of the visible traces of the manufacturing process.
Author 著者:
塩沢裕仁 SHIOZAWA Hirohito
Publisher 出版社:
雄山閣 Yuzakaku
Publication Year 出版年:
2013
Table of Contents 内容:
第1章 洛陽八関とその内包空間 漢魏洛陽盆地の空間的理解に触れて
第2章 洛陽盆地における漢魏遺址の立地
第3章 漢魏洛陽城の現状と水文をめぐる問題
第4章 漢魏洛陽の変遷と金墉城 建康との比較において
第5章 漢魏の都城“許昌”
第6章 鄴城が有する都市空間
第7章 六朝建康の都市空間
第8章 鮮卑の都城“平城
Author:
三崎良章 Misaki Yoshiaki
Publisher:
東方書店
Publication Year:
2012
Abstract:
3世紀末から5世紀半ばにかけて、中国北部は匈奴を始めとする諸民族の政権が並立する大分裂時代を迎えた。本書は、この「五胡十六国時代」に光を当て、中国社会が多民族の融合の上に形成されたことを史料のみならず墓室画像などの出土品も用いて明らかにする。2002年刊行書籍の新訂版。
Table of Contents:
序章 民族の時代
第一章 後漢～西晋時代の少数民族
一 少数民族の中国移住
匈奴／烏桓／鮮卑／羌族／氐族／丁零／夫餘・高句麗
二 中国王朝の少数民族への対応
官爵の授与／異民族統御官／徙戎
第二章 「五胡」とは何か、「十六国」とは何か
一 『晋書』と『魏書』と『十六国春秋』など
『晋書』／『魏書』／『十六国春秋』
二 「五胡」
数字と少数民族／「五胡」の出現／「五胡」の具体化
三 「十六国」
『晋書』載記冒頭記載の諸国／『晋書』載記本文の諸国／『魏書』・『宋書』・『北史』の諸国／「十六国」の定着化
第三章 「十六国」の興亡
一 五胡十六国時代の全体像
八王の乱／西晋の滅亡と東晋の成立／「十六国」興亡の梗概
二 五胡十六国時代前期
成漢／前趙／後趙／冉魏／前燕／前仇池／前涼／代
三 前秦の華北統一と淝水の戦い
前秦の華北統一／淝水の戦い／淝水の戦い後の前秦
四 五胡十六国時代後期
西燕／後燕／南燕／北燕／翟魏／後秦／西秦／夏／後涼／南涼／北涼／西涼／後仇池／北魏
第四章 「十六国」の国際関係と仏教と国家意識
一 朝鮮半島との関係
高句麗への亡命者／遼西・遼東と朝鮮半島の関係
二 西方・北方との関係
西域経営／トゥルファン／吐谷渾／柔然
三 仏教の展開
涼州の仏教／仏図澄／釈道安／鳩摩羅什／現世利益的様相／敦煌
四 東晋との関係と国家意識
「十六国」の東晋対策／君主の称号／国家意識
第五章 人の移動
一 遷都
遷都の実態／遷都の目的／遷都に伴う人間の移動
二 流民
流民の発生／塢／僑州郡県
三 徙民
徙民の目的／徙民の方向と規模／徙民の全貌
第六章 「五胡」と漢族の融合
一 融合の過程
「五胡」君主の漢文化受容／漢人士人の「五胡」政権参加／王猛／軋轢と衝突
二 壁画墓・画像磚墓に見られる「五胡」と漢族
壁画墓と画像磚墓／甘粛の画像磚墓／地埂坡三号墓／丁家閘五号墓／朝陽の壁画墓
終 章 南北朝から隋唐帝国へ
おわりに
改訂版あとがき
写真出典一覧
主要参考文献
Author:
Wu, Jui-Man
School:
University of Pittsburgh.
Publication Year:
2010.
Primary Advisor:
Katheryn M. Linduff.
Abstract:
The period of Six Dynasties (221-581CE) has traditionally been thought of as a time when "the Five Barbarians brought disorder to China." During this period, present-day Northern China was ruled by non-Han leaders, including the Xianbei, a pastoral people from China's northern frontier who founded the Northern Zhou Dynasty. In addition, Chinese historical texts from the Six Dynasties refer to "merchant barbarians" generally assumed to be Sogdians, who lived in oasis states in Central Asia in present-day Uzbekistan and came to China across the Silk Road. Most scholarship has assumed that the period of Northern Zhou ruled by non-Chinese leaders was "sinicized," and the adoption of Chinese features in burial and artifacts in foreigners' tombs is evidence of that acculturation process.
This dissertation, however, uses newly excavated materials from tombs dated to the Northern Zhou period, including the tombs of Xianbei leaders, Xianbei and Chinese generals, and Sogdian merchants, and proposes that visual arts and mortuary ritual played a role in creating and/or maintaining multiple sociopolitical and cultural identities for these residents of Northern Zhou. The theorization of power, agency, and cultural identity in recent publications has helped me analyze the processes involved in the construction of individual identity, group boundaries, and the interrelationships between socio-cultural groups. Theories of agency have helped me focus on choices made by different social and occupational groups.
This dissertation has explored how the patterns of use of mortuary objects documented multiple identities for these three classes listed above with specific ethnic backgrounds: the sovereigns who were Xianbei; the military class of Xianbei and Han-Chinese; and the merchant class of Sogdians. I have discussed how aspects of political, military, and merchant life in the Northern Zhou period created a setting that contributed to multiple roles and identities in each group. My study has demonstrated the construction of multiple identities among elites and how they consistently distinguished themselves from other members of society. This dissertation will be the first contextual analysis focused on the visualization of class, social roles and cultural affiliation by examining mortuary art in the Northern Zhou.
