Author:
Nancy Steinhardt
Publisher:
Princeton University Press
Publication date:
May, 2019
Abstract:
Throughout history, China has maintained one of the world's richest built civilizations. The nation's architectural achievements range from its earliest walled cities and the First Emperor's vision of city and empire, to bridges, pagodas, and the twentieth-century constructions of the Socialist state. In this beautifully illustrated book, Nancy Shatzman Steinhardt presents the first fully comprehensive survey of Chinese architecture in any language. With rich political and historical context, Steinhardt covers forty centuries of architecture, from the genesis of Chinese building through to the twenty-first century and the challenges of urban expansion and globalism.
Steinhardt follows the extraordinary breadth of China's architectural legacy--including excavation sites, gardens, guild halls, and relief sculpture--and considers the influence of Chinese architecture on Japan, Korea, Mongolia, and Tibet. Architectural examples from Chinese ethnic populations and various religions are examined, such as monasteries, mosques, observatories, and tombs. Steinhardt also shows that Chinese architecture is united by a standardized system of construction, applicable whether buildings are temples, imperial palaces, or shrines. Every architectural type is based on the models that came before it, and principles established centuries earlier dictate building practices. China's unique system has allowed its built environment to stand as a profound symbol of Chinese culture.
With unprecedented breadth united by a continuous chronological narrative, Chinese Architecture offers the best scholarship available on this remarkable subject for scholars, students, and general readers.
Table of Contents:
Introduction: Beyond the Forbidden City
Chapter 1: Genesis of Chinese Buildings and Cities
Chapter 2: Architecture of the First Emperor and His Predecessors
Chapter 3: Han Architecture
Chapter 4: An Age of Turmoil: Three Kingdoms, Two Jins, Sixteen States
Chapter 5: Northern Dynasties and Southern Dynasties
Chapter 6: Sui and Tang: Architecture for Empires
Chapter 7: Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
Chapter 8: Grandeur and Magnificence under Liao and Western Xia
Chapter 9: The Chinese Building Standards
Chapter 10: Song Elegance and Jin Opulence
Chapter 11: The Chinese City between Tang and Ming
Chapter 12: The Mongol Century
Chapter 13: The Chinese Imperial City and Its Architecture, Ming and Qing
Chapter 14: Late Imperial Architecture in Chinese Style
Chapter 15: Convergences: Lamaist, Dai, Islamic
Chapter 16: Gardens and House
Chapter 17: China comes to Europe, Europe comes to China, Chinese students come to the United States
Conclusion
Author:
麥谷邦夫 (MUGITANI, Kunio)
Publisher:
岩波書店
Publication Date:
January 2018
Table of Contents:
まえがき
凡 例
第一部 道教教理思想の形成
第一章 魏晋南北朝期の道家・道教における気
第二章 道教的生成論の形成と展開
第三章 『老子想爾注』と道気論
第二部 道教教理思想の諸相
第一章 道教教理における天界説
第二章 初期道教における救済思想
第三章 道教における真父母の概念と孝
第三部 道教教理体系と仏教教理学
第一章 『道教義枢』と南北朝隋初唐期の道教教理学
第二章 道教教理学と三論学派の論法
第三章 唐代老子注釈学と仏教
第四章 道教類書と教理体系
第四部 唐玄宗三教思想研究
第一章 玄宗『道徳真経』注疏における「妙本」
第二章 玄宗と『道徳真経』注疏の撰述
第三章 玄宗と三経御注
あとがき
Author:
Nicoll-Johnson, Evan Vincent
Defended:
2017
School:
UCLA
Abstract:
In China’s early medieval period, scholastic erudition and refined self-expression were requisite talents of the literate elite, and achievement in both areas depended on the production, circulation, and consumption of texts. This dissertation examines several methods of textual organization and compilation that arose and flourished in this period. Although such works served as testaments to the broad erudition of their compilers, they were also criticized for their unrestrained ambition, disorderly structure, and problematically “miscellaneous” contents. The first two chapters address bibliographic treatises compiled during the Han and early Tang dynasties, showing how these ambitious scholarly projects relegated complexly organized works to categories reserved for “miscellaneous” texts. I find that the earlier treatise, contained
in Han shu, is inconsistent in the qualities it assigns to texts it describes as za 雜, or “miscellaneous,” while the later treatise, found in Sui shu, displays the influence of the centuries of intervening textual production and circulation through a new interest in scribal practices and compilation techniques, which is also apparent in its critiques of all its “miscellaneous” texts. Each of the remaining three chapters addresses a different method of textual reuse that arose in the centuries between these two bibliographies. In chapter three, I discuss the extensive historiographic annotations to Sanguo zhi and Shishuo xinyu, which have themselves been criticized for their disorderliness, and also make frequent use of texts bibliographies describe as “miscellaneous.” Chapter four is focused on Jinlouzi 金樓子, a uniquely structured compilation of private writings and gathered anecdotes, showing how its distinctive approach to textual reuse and organization has influenced its complex transmission and reception. Chapter five discusses collections of liezhuan 列傳 biographies compiled for several dynastic histories, using analysis of phrases that describe reading and erudition to examine the development of a standard biographical style. By combining digital analyses of patterns within these texts with investigation of their structure and contents, I show how these texts, though maligned for their disorderliness and “miscellaneousness,” are all attempts to bring a quickly expanding corpus to order, and to find new ways to make use of the many texts to which their compilers had access.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
1. Disorderly Texts and the Textual Order: Za in the Han shu Bibliographic
Treatise
2. Redefining Disorder: Za in the Sui shu bibliographic treatise
3. Supplementing the Records and Anecdotes: Annotation and Bibliography
4. Brick by Brick: Jinlouzi and the Construction of a Textual Identity
5. Patterns of Erudition: Identifying and Defining “Broad Reading”
Conclusion
Author:
Longdu Shi
Publication Year:
2016
School:
University of London, School of Oriental and African Studies
Abstract:
In the history of Buddhism in China, three major persecutions took place between the fifth and the ninth centuries. In the present research, I propose to study them together and in their broader context as a means of understanding the relationship between Buddhism and the state in medieval China. Although a further episode of repression of the Buddhist community occurred in southern China in the tenth century, I will argue that the first three great persecutions marked a fundamental transition in the interaction between Buddhism and Chinese society. As an attempt to study the social and political history of Buddhism in medieval China, this thesis shall accord some space to the development of the monastic community and economy during the time under examination. It will furthermore lay emphasis on the long-term factors of Buddhist development, thus hoping to shed new light on the cultural, economic, social and political reasons for the religious persecutions. As these persecutions were carried out under the orders of the ruling secular authorities, and most of the assumed reasons are related to the imperial policies, the present research is a case study through which the interaction between Buddhism and the state in medieval China will be investigated.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Chapter 1 The Persecutions of Buddhism in Medieval China
Part 1
The Northern Wei 北魏 (386-534) Persecution (440-446)
Chapter 2 The Background of the Persecution
Chapter 3 The Persecution of Buddhism under the Tuoba/Northern Wei
Part 2
The Northern Zhou 北周 (557-581) Persecution (574-577)
Chapter 4 Primary Notes and a Brief History of the Time
Chapter 5 The Persecution of Buddhism under the Northern Zhou
Part 3
Buddhism and Its Persecution under the Tang 唐 (618-907)
Chapter 6 The Sui Dynasty 隋 (581-618) and Buddhism
Chapter 7 The Tang Dynasty: Historical and Social Contexts
Chapter 8 Religious Persecution during Huichang Era 會昌 (840-846)
Conclusions
Chapter 9 Buddhism and the State in Medieval China
Author:
Victor Cunrui Xiong
Publisher:
Routledge
Publication Date:
2016.9.7
Abstract:
Luoyang, situated in present-day Henan province, was one of the great urban centres of pre-Qin and early imperial China, the favoured site for dynastic capitals for almost two millennia. This book, the first in any Western language on the subject, traces the rise and fall of the six different capital cities in the region which served eleven different dynasties from the Western Zhou dynasty, when the first capital city made its appearance in Luoyang, to the great Tang dynasty, when Luoyang experienced a golden age. It examines the political histories of these cities, explores continuity and change in urban form with a particular focus on city layouts and landmark buildings, and discusses the roles of religions, especially Buddhism, and illustrious city residents. Overall the book provides an accessible survey of a broad sweep of premodern Chinese urban history.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
1. Genesis: From Luoyi 洛邑 to Wangcheng 王城
2. Eastern Han Luoyang: The Imperial Capital
3. Towards a National Metropolis: Cao-Wei and Western Jin Luoyang
4. Rebirth and Destruction: Northern Wei Luoyang
5. The Sui Eastern Capital
6. Tang Luoyang I: A Historical Perspective
7. Tang Luoyang II: Physical Characteristics
8. Tang Luoyang III: The Inhabitants
9. Epilogue
Author:
礪波 護 (Tonami Mamoru)
Publisher:
法藏館
Publication Date:
September 6, 2016
Abstract:
隋唐の都城と関所、隋唐の財政と倉庫の二部構成に、学界動向と書評・紹介を附篇として収める。中国の都城と財政の関連論文とコラムおよび書評類をあますところなく集録する。
Table of Contents:
第Ⅰ部 隋唐の都城と關所
第一章 中國の都城
第二章 中國都城の思想
コラム１ ［中國の］市 ［中國の］宮廷・都城
第三章 神都洛陽の四面關
第四章 唐代の畿內と京城四面關
コラム２ 過所
コラム３ 唐代の都城と關所
コラム４ 京都と京・都
コラム５ 「中國歷代王朝の都市管理に關する總合的硏究」はしがき
第五章 唐代洛陽の都市管理
附 章 唐宋時代における蘇州
第Ⅱ部 隋唐の財政と倉庫
第一章 唐代食實封制再考
第二章 太倉と含嘉倉
第三章 隋唐時代の太倉と含嘉倉
コラム１ ［中國の］倉庫 ［中國の］穀倉
第四章 唐代の邊境における金銀
第五章 唐代社會における金銀
附 章 均田制と府兵制
附篇Ⅰ 學界動向
課と稅に關する諸硏究について
唐宋の變革に對する侯外廬氏の見解――中國思想通史第四卷第一章
隋・唐――一九七一年の歷史學界
出土文物による最近の魏晉南北朝史硏究
附篇Ⅱ 書評・紹介
塚本善隆著『魏書釋老志の硏究』
福島繁次郞著『中國南北朝史硏究』
Ｄ・Ｃ・トゥイッチェット著『唐朝の財政行政』
濱口重國著『秦漢隋唐史の硏究』
日野開三郞著『唐代邸店の硏究』
Ｊ・ジェルネ著『中華世界』
平岡武夫編『唐代硏究のしおり』復刊に寄せて
池田溫著『中國古代籍帳――槪觀・録文――』
長澤規矩也・尾崎康編『宮內廳書陵部藏 北宋版 通典』
岡野誠著「唐代食封制の一問題――いわゆる七丁封戸論争をめぐって――」
丸山裕美子著『日本古代の醫療制度』
溝口雄三・池田知久・小島毅著『中國思想史』
初出一覽
後 記
Author:
村元 健一 （MURAMOTO Kenichi）
Publisher:
汲古書院
Publisher:
August 20, 2016
Abstract:
中国の都城と皇帝陵は、皇帝の生前と死後の居所として造られた。皇帝制度が始まった秦代から、すでにこの二つの建造物の造営は極めて重視されていた。始皇帝が統一帝国の新たな中枢とすべく阿房宮を核として大規模に拡張した咸陽、そして自身の死後の宮殿として築いた驪山である。文字通り空前絶後の規模を誇る巨大建築群の造営は、統一された帝国の経済力と、多量の労働力を徴発し、それを運用する官僚機構があって初めて可能であり、帝国の力を如実に示すものである。ごくありふれた言い方ながら、こうした巨大建造物の造営は、皇帝権力を可視的なものとし、見る者を圧伏する目的を持つ。これらの建造物の造営は以後の中国に継承されるが、王朝毎に姿を変える。建造物に与えられる役割が王朝によって異なるからである。現在に残された都城や陵墓の遺跡の調査成果と、関連史料とをあわせて考察を加え、これらの建造物の造営が各王朝にどのような意味があったのか、いかなる役割を期待されたのかを明らかにするのが本書の目的である。対象とする時代は漢代から魏晋南北朝時代とし、以下の三篇に分けた。
第一篇は漢代を取り扱う。前漢と後漢では儒教との関わりが大きく異なる。前漢が統治体制の範の多くを秦にとったのに対し、後漢は建国の当初から儒教を統治イデオロギーとしており、同じ漢であっても礼制の在り方は大きく異なる。礼制に直結する都城プランと皇帝陵の姿は、王朝中枢への儒教の浸透により大きな変容を遂げたと考えられるのである。そうした違いが両王朝の都城、陵墓にどのように現れ、それが王朝の正統性を如何に表徴していたのか、そして以後の王朝にどのように継承されたのかを検討する。
第二篇は魏晋南北朝期を扱う。分裂期であり、しかも異なる民族による王朝が陸続と生まれたこの時期は、都城や陵墓も数多く造られ、それぞれが特色のある建築として立ち現れた。それらの共通点と、相違点を明らかにすることで、それらを築いた各王朝がどのような体制を目指していたか、何に支配の正統性を求めたのかが明らかにできるのではないだろうか。そうした見通しの下、それぞれの王朝の都城、陵墓に考察を加える。
第三篇は第一、二篇で取り上げた宮城に関しての総括的な論考と、隋代の宮城について論及したもので構成した。個別研究を受けての総合化を試みたものである。
本書で試みたのは、都城、陵墓の遺跡の調査成果を通じて各王朝の王権の在り方、正統性の根拠の差異を明らかにするというものである。中国における遺跡の調査は今後も大いに進展すると思われ、本書の結論も新たな成果を受けて常に検証され続けねばならず、あくまで現時点での素描となる。ただ、各論考では、発掘報告の記述と、現地踏査による観察の結果を組み合わせ、都城と陵墓という研究対象にどのように向き合えるのかを示すことを心掛けたつもりである。諸賢の批正を乞う次第である。
Table of Contents:
序 章
第一篇 漢の都城と陵墓
第一章 前漢長安の変容
第二章 前漢皇帝陵の再検討―陵邑、陪葬の変遷を中心に―
第三章 前漢諸侯王墓の変遷と諸侯王
第四章 前漢諸侯王墓と諸侯王の自殺
第五章 後漢雒陽城の南宮と北宮の役割について
第六章 後漢皇帝陵の造営
第七章 後漢の謁陵儀礼
第二篇 魏晋南北朝期の都城と陵墓
第一章 曹魏西晋の皇帝陵
第二章 東晋南朝の皇帝陵の変遷
第三章 北魏永固陵の造営
第四章 北朝鄴城の復原研究
第五章 北斉の晋陽―鄴との比較を中心に―
第六章 北朝長安の都城史上の位置づけについて
第三篇 複都制と宮城の変遷
第一章 中国複都制における洛陽
第二章 魏晋南北朝時代の宮城の変遷―隋大興宮成立の歴史的背景―
第三章 隋の大興、洛陽の二つの宮城
終 章
初出一覧／あとがき／索引
Editor:
Yin Cao
Publisher:
University of Washington Press
Publication Year:
2015
Abstract:
Discovered by farmers in 1999 in Wangguo, a village in central China's Shanxi province, this magnificent 6th-century marble sarcophagus reveals both the story of a man and his times as well as life along the Silk Road. The sarcophagus is that of Yu Hong 虞弘 (c533-92) who, at the age of 13, was sent as an envoy by the king of Rouran to Persia and Tuyuhun (modern-day Qinghai and Gansu provinces in northwest China). Between 550 and 554 he served as an ambassador to the Northern Qi dynasty and continued to work as an official in China during the Northern Zhou and Sui dynasties.
This new English-language edition examines how the tomb of Yu Hong offers a fresh interpretation of the cultural interaction that occurred between China and the West due to the travel and trade along the Silk Road.
(via Keith Knapp)
Author:
小林仁
Publication Year:
2015
Publisher:
思文閣出版
Table of Contents:
序章
第Ⅰ部 南北朝時代の陶俑の様式変遷と地域性
第1章 洛陽北魏陶俑の成立とその展開
第2章 北朝鎮墓獣の誕生と展開——胡漢融合文化の一側面
第3章 南北朝時代における南北境界地域の陶俑について——「漢水流域様式」試論
第4章 南朝陶俑の諸相——湖北地区を中心として
第5章 北斉時代の俑に見る二大様式の成立とその意義——鄴と晋陽
第6章 北斉鄴地区の明器生産とその系譜——陶俑と低火度鉛釉器を中心に
第Ⅱ部 隋唐時代の陶俑への新たな視座
第7章 隋俑考——北斉俑の遺風と新たな展開
第8章 白瓷の誕生——北朝の瓷器生産の諸問題と安陽隋張盛墓出土白瓷俑
第9章 初唐黄釉加彩俑の特質と意義
第10章 唐代邢窯における俑の生産とその流通に関する諸問題
第11章 西安・唐代醴泉坊窯址の発掘成果とその意義―俑を中心とした考察
第12章 唐時代の俑の制作技法について——陶笵成形を中心に
結語
Author:
河内春人 (Haruhito Kōchi)
Publisher:
汲古書院
Publication Year:
2014
Table of Contents:
序章 本書の視角と構成
一 本書の視角 二 本書の構成 三 遣唐使における留意点
Ⅰ 遣唐使の機構
第一章 遣唐使の派遣動機
問題の所在
一 遣唐使以前
1対魏外交 2対宋外交 3対隋外交 4小結
二 外交における年期
1礼制における年期とその受容 2日本古代の年期 3日唐関係における年期
結 言
第二章 七世紀における遣唐使の組織構成
問題の所在
一 前史としての遣隋使
二 遣唐使の派遣
三 使職の名称と構成
四 使人と冠位
結 言
第三章 律令制下における遣唐使の組織構成
問題の所在
一 使節構成とその位階
二 節刀をめぐる使節構成
三 特殊使節の位相
結 言
Ⅱ 国際社会の中の遣唐使
第四章 入唐僧と海外情報
問題の所在
一 七・八世紀の海外情報
1七世紀の海外情報 2八世紀の海外情報 3小結
二 九世紀の海外情報
三 入唐僧の情報伝達
結 言
第五章 日唐交流史における人名
問題の所在
一 七世紀の隋唐における倭国人名
1隋における倭国人名 2唐における倭国人名 3小結
二 八世紀の日本人名
三 唐からの名付け
四 非公式の位相
結 言
第六章 石山寺遺教経奥書をめぐって
問題の所在
一 人名部分の釈読
二 奥書の解釈
三 天平遣唐使の動向
結 言
Ⅲ 史料論としての遣唐使
第七章 唐から見たエミシ
問題の所在
一 中国史料におけるエミシ
二 唐への来朝年次
三 エミシの地理・風俗情報
四 媒介国としての倭国／日本
結 言
第八章 『新唐書』日本伝の成立
問題の所在
一 中国における日本情報の収集
二 『王年代紀』との関係
三 唐代からの伝来情報
四 倭国伝から日本伝へ
結 言
第九章 『王年代紀』の史料論
問題の所在
一 成立の時期と執筆動機
二 書名
三 神統譜の背景
結 言
総括と展望 あとがき／初出一覧／索 引
Author:
Paul Copp
Publisher:
Columbia University Press
Publication Year:
2014
Abstract:
Whether chanted as devotional prayers, intoned against the dangers of the wilds, or invoked to heal the sick and bring ease to the dead, incantations were pervasive features of Buddhist practice in late medieval China (600--1000 C.E.). Material incantations, in forms such as spell-inscribed amulets and stone pillars, were also central to the spiritual lives of both monks and laypeople. In centering its analysis on the Chinese material culture of these deeply embodied forms of Buddhist ritual, The Body Incantatory reveals histories of practice -- and logics of practice -- that have until now remained hidden.
Paul Copp examines inscribed stones, urns, and other objects unearthed from anonymous tombs; spells carved into pillars near mountain temples; and manuscripts and prints from both tombs and the Dunhuang cache. Focusing on two major Buddhist spells, or dharani, and their embodiment of the incantatory logics of adornment and unction, he makes breakthrough claims about the significance of Buddhist incantation practice not only in medieval China but also in Central Asia and India. Copp's work vividly captures the diversity of Buddhist practice among medieval monks, ritual healers, and other individuals lost to history, offering a corrective to accounts that have overemphasized elite, canonical materials.
Table of Contents:
List of IllustrationsPreface: The Body IncantatoryThanksAbbreviations
Introduction: Dharanis and the Study of Buddhist Spells
1. Scripture, Relic, Talisman, Spell
2. Amulets of the Incantation of Wish Fulfillment
3. Dust, Shadow, and the Incantation of Glory
4. Mystic Store and Wizard's Basket
Coda: Material Incantations and the Study of Medieval Chinese Buddhism
Appendix
1. Suiqiu Amulets Discovered in ChinaAppendix
2. Stein no. 4690: Four SpellsNotesGlossarySourcesIndex
Author:
Ding Xiang Warner
Publication Year:
2014
Publisher:
Brill
Abstract:
Transmitting Authority investigates the rise and fall of the cultural currency of the Confucian teacher Wang Tong (ca. 584–617), a.k.a. Master Wenzhong, in the five centuries following his death, by examining the textual and social history of the Zhongshuo, which purports to record Wang Tong’s teachings. Incorporating theories and methodologies from textual criticism, the history of the book, and cultural studies, Warner reveals evidence of the Zhongshuo’s textual fluidity during the Tang and early Song dynasties, and argues that this fluidity attended the shifting terms of the Zhongshuo’s cultural value for medieval China’s literati culture. In doing so, Warner offers scholars a model for the study of other works whose textual problems and historical significance have hitherto seemed inscrutable.
Table of Contents:
Introduction. The enimatic case of the Zhongshuo
Part One. Assessing textual authority
The transmission history of the Zhongshuo, seventh through eleventh centuries
Features, problems, and puzzles in the received Zhongshuo
Part Two. Interpreting cultural authority
The genesis of a Confucian master's legacy
The cultivation of a family legacy
Epilogue
作者 Author:
Jonathan Karam Skaff
出版社 Publisher:
Oxford
出版年 Publication Year:
2012
內容簡介 Abstract:
Sui-Tang China and Its Turko-Mongol Neighbors challenges readers to reconsider China's relations with the rest of Eurasia. Investigating interstate competition and cooperation between the successive Sui and Tang dynasties and Turkic states of Mongolia from 580 to 800, Jonathan Skaff upends the notion that inhabitants of China and Mongolia were irreconcilably different and hostile to each other. Rulers on both sides deployed strikingly similar diplomacy, warfare, ideologies of rulership, and patrimonial political networking to seek hegemony over each other and the peoples living in the pastoral borderlands between them. The book particularly disputes the supposed uniqueness of imperial China's tributary diplomacy by demonstrating that similar customary norms of interstate relations existed in a wide sphere in Eurasia as far west as Byzantium, India, and Iran. These previously unrecognized cultural connections, therefore, were arguably as much the work of Turko-Mongol pastoral nomads traversing the Eurasian steppe as the more commonly recognized Silk Road monks and merchants. This interdisciplinary and multi-perspective study will appeal to readers of comparative and world history, especially those interested in medieval warfare, diplomacy, and cultural studies.
目錄 Table of Contents:
Acknowledgments
Conventions of Transliteration
Introduction: The China-Inner Asia Frontier as World History
Part I: Historical and Geographical Background
1. Eastern Eurasian Geography, History and Warfare
2. China-Inner Asian Borderlands: Discourse and Reality
Part II: Eastern Eurasian Society and Culture
3. Power through Patronage: Patrimonial Political Networking
4. Ideology and Interstate Competition
5. Diplomacy as Eurasian Ritual
Part III: Negotiating Diplomatic Relationships
6. Negotiating Investiture
7. Negotiating Kinship
8. Horse Trading and other Material Bargains
9. Breaking Bonds
Conclusion: Beyond the Silk Roads
Appendices
Bibliography
