三国志の考古学: 出土資料からみた三国志と三国時代

Author:
関尾史郎 (Sekio, Shiro)

Publisher:
東方書店

Publication date:
June, 2019

Abstract:

小説『三国志演義』の描く英雄たちの活躍によって、日本でもよく知られている三国時代。本書では、その三国時代について、『三国志演義』ではなく、史書の『三国志』でもなく、発掘調査によって中国各地で出土した資料によりながら考える。曹操の墓である高陵の発見は記憶に新しいところだが、この高陵や、呉の名将である朱然の墓からは貴重な文物が出土している。そして七万点以上という、一地点からの出土枚数としては最大を記録した走馬楼呉簡など、三国時代に関する出土資料は近年増加の一途をたどっている。本書では、簡牘や石刻をはじめ、漆器・陶器や画像石・墓葬壁画に至るまで、多種多様な出土資料を取り上げ、膨大な研究史を整理したうえで、新たな知見を提供する。また、それをふまえて史書『三国志』の解釈にも見直しを迫っている。

Table of Contents:

はしがき
第一章　曹氏の人びと――曹氏一族墓と出土刻字塼
はじめに
一　『三国志』のなかの曹氏一族
二　『水經注』に記された曹氏一族墓
三　発見された曹氏一族墓
四　刻字塼とは
五　姓名塼を読み解く――曹氏塼
六　姓名塼を読み解く――曹氏塼以外の姓名塼
おわりに

第二章　曹操の死――高陵とその出土文物
はじめに
一　魯潜墓誌
二　高陵の発掘とその後の経緯
三　出土石牌とその意義
四　画像石の題記から
おわりに

第三章　名刺と名謁―朱然墓出土簡牘
はじめに
一　朱然とその家族墓
二　朱然墓出土の漆器類
三　名謁、名刺とは
四　名謁
五　名刺
おわりに

第四章　呉の地方行政と地域社会――長沙走馬楼呉簡
はじめに
一　後漢末の長沙郡
二　走馬楼呉簡とは
三　走馬楼呉簡の世界
四　走馬楼呉簡からみた呉・蛮抗争
おわりに

第五章　諸葛亮の「北伐」と涼州――高台地埂坡四号墓壁画ほか
はじめに
一　「涼州諸国王」の正体
二　懸泉置漢簡と「古代書簡」から
三　河西の塼画と壁画から
四　「涼州諸国王」の環境と方向性
おわりに

第六章　魏と中央アジア――トゥルファン出土墓誌と敦煌出土鎮墓瓶
はじめに
一　西域戊己校尉の復活が意味するもの
二　トゥルファンと敦煌のその後から考える
おわりに

あとがき

A Zooarchaeological Study of the Haimenkou Site, Yunnan Province, China

Author:
Juan Wang

Publication Year:
2018

Publisher:
British Archaeological Reports Oxford Ltd

Abstract:

Haimenkou was an important location, with trade and cultural links connecting parts of modern Southeast Asia and northwestern China in ancient times. This book is based on an analysis of the faunal assemblage recovered from the Haimenkou site during the 2008 field season in Yunnan Province, China. It investigates the human-animal relationships at Haimenkou through a time span running from the late Neolithic Period to the middle Bronze Age (ca. 5000-2400 BP). The animal exploitation patterns, local animal domestication processes, human subsistence strategies and communication networks linking Haimenkou and other regions in prehistoric China are studied. Domesticated pig, dog and sheep bones were identified. Over sixteen wild mammal species as well as bird and fish bones and mollusc shells were also recovered. The results suggest that the Haimenkou people developed a mixed subsistence economy, consisting of crop farming, plant food gathering, animal husbandry, hunting and fishing.

Table of Contents:

1. Introduction
2. Environmental setting and archaeological background of the Haimenkou Site
3. Procedure of faunal analysis
4. Range and relative importance of identified taxa
5. Skeletal part representation and bone modification
6. Kill-off patterns for domestic animals
7. Discussion and conclusion

[Dissertation] Crafting Community: Exploring Identity and Interaction through Ceramics in Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age Northwestern China

Author:
Andrew Womack

Publication Year:
2017

School:
Yale

Abstract:

This dissertation addresses questions related to craft production, social identity, and interaction through a multifaceted analysis of ceramic production and use during the Majiayao (3200-2000BC) and Qijia (2300-1500BC) periods in the Tao River Valley of northwestern China’s Gansu Province. Situated between the Gobi Desert to the north and the foothills of the Tibetan Plateau to the south, for millennia this area acted as a key conduit for interaction between groups in central China and the Eurasian steppe. Majiayao and Qijia communities played a vital role in adopting, adapting, and retransmitting new domesticates, technologies, and ideas in both directions, helping shape the course of both Chinese and steppe civilization.

Despite these contributions to the development and spread of Chinese civilization, however, this region of northwest China is often pigeonholed into the trope of cultural devolution, with climatic shifts forcing a change from sophisticated Majiayao farmers to the small-scale, possibly pastoral societies of the Qijia.  This conclusion is based almost entirely on shifts in pottery form and decoration, with the large, elaborately painted urns of the Majiayao period being replaced by the smaller, mostly undecorated pottery that defines the Qijia period. This dissertation challenges these conclusions by investigating the relationship between craft production, consumer and producer identity, and social interaction in order to provide a more nuanced understanding of the continuities and changes occurring between the two periods.

Taking a communities of practice based approach to ceramic production, this research focuses first on identifying potential groups of producers through assessment of paste recipes and forming techniques. In order to identify these groups, sherds from four Majiayao and Qijia habitation and mortuary contexts were sampled and analyzed using petrographic analysis. This technique provides information not only on the mineralogical makeup of a vessel, but also can provide insight into specific paste recipes and production techniques. This study revealed striking differences between vessels from mortuary and habitation contexts during the Majiayao period, pointing to the potential use of mortuary rituals for the negotiation and construction of relationships with other communities. It also demonstrated surprising continuity in production knowledge and techniques between the two periods, showing that changes in pottery form and decoration are not necessarily accurate reflections of underlying shifts in social identity.

In addition to petrographic analysis, whole vessels from mortuary contexts were also examined in order to assess how they were produced and used. Use-wear analysis was employed in order to understand the use histories of individual vessels, revealing that the majority of pots placed in graves during both periods were well used before interment. Standardization analysis was also carried out in order to explore potential production differences between various vessel types. It was demonstrated that while production does appear to vary between vessel types, there is impressive continuity in degree of vessel uniformity between the Majiayao and Qijia periods.

Combining the results of these three techniques, this research is able to address not only the communities of practice who were making these vessels, but also the potential roles they played in building and mediating relationships between groups. Specifically, for the northern Tao River Valley, it appears that despite significant shifts in pottery form, mortuary rituals, and the relationships that were mediated by these items and events, underlying communities of practice persisted over the course of more than 600 years.

[Dissertation] Towards a Human Ecology of the North China Plain: Geoarchaeological Perspectives on Holocene Landscape Evolution

Author:
Michael Storozum

School:
Washington University in St. Louis

Defended:
2017

Abstract:
Archaeologists have traditionally called the North China Plain the heartland of Chinese civilization and focused much of their investigations on the progression of archaeological culture groups. However, this focus on culture history has often come at the expense of simplifying the complex interactions societies have had with their environments. In this dissertation, I discuss the ways in which archaeologists can use geological concepts and methods to better understand human-environmental interactions. I support this argument with two case studies of archaeological significance along the course of the Yellow River. One study focuses on a sediment source, the Luoyang Basin in western Henan Province, the other, a sediment sink in Neihuang County, Henan Province. These studies demonstrate that humans played a large role in shaping the hydrology of the Yellow River and smaller tributary streams since the late Bronze Age around three thousand years ago. Human influence on sedimentary and fluvial systems becomes increasingly apparent during China’s Imperial Age (ca. AD 200–1200). By using geological methods and concepts, scientists can understand how humans have shaped the much of the North China Plain.

Table of Contents:

Chapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 2 Geoarchaeology in China
Chapter 3 The Luoyang Basin: A Sediment Source
Chapter 4 Anshang: A Sediment Sink
Chapter 5 Conclusions

Early Medieval North China: Archaeological and Textual Evidence

Editors:
Shing Müller, Thomas O. Höllmann, and Sonja Filip

Publication date:
2019

Publisher:
Harrassowitz Verlag · Wiesbaden

Abstract:

The Xianbei from southeast Mongolia were the first foreign sovereignty over North China since the 4th century. During the 200 years of Xianbei rulership, the cultures of old and new inhabitants – the Han-Chinese, the Xianbei and diverse steppe peoples, the Sogdians and other Central Asians from the west – confronted and competed with one another.

This volume is one of the first in Europe that concentrates on the cultural conflicts and the emergence of new traditions in North China during the Early Medieval period. Topics include archaeological evidence of the early Fuyu culture in southern Manchuria and early traces of Sogdians in Qinghai, impacts of Buddhism in the formation of new funerary cults and new city planning, the hybridization of diverse funerary traditions such as the use of head rests and stone beds and house-shaped sarcophagi, the emergence of a multiple identity for denizens as an adaptation to a fast changing world, and the militarization of the northern society as seen in murals and in defense lines. Also included are new insights on the Chinese sabao and Sogdian s’rtp’w titles, and discussions on Sogdian slaves in the Kocho Kingdom as well as on “multi-culture” in Chinese historiographical works.

Table of Contents:

EARLY MEDIEVAL SOCIETIES:HISTORICAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE

Monique Nagel-Angermann 丁慕妮
Cultural Diversity in Early Medieval Northern China from the Perspective of Chinese Historiography (從史籍看中古世紀早期中國北方的文化多樣性)

Annette Kieser 安然
Eastern Jin Society from the Perspective of the Archaeological Evidence:  A Preliminary Survey (從考古角度看東晉社會)  

田立坤 Tian Likun 
四世紀夫餘史蹟鈎沉 (Exploring the Forgotten History of the Fuyu 夫餘of the 4th Century: An Archaeological and Textual Survey)

張志忠 Zhang Zhizhong 
大同北魏墓葬佛教圖像淺議 (On the Buddhist Imagery of a Northern Wei Tomb in Datong) 

林聖智 Lin Sheng-chih 
反思北魏的宗教與墓葬圖像 (Rethinking the Religious and Funerary Iconography of the Northern Wei Dynasty)

Chin-Yin Tseng 曾慶盈 
Imagining the Self in Northern Wei: Case Studies of Shaling M7 and Yanbei Shiyuan M5 (北魏時代的自我畫像: 以沙嶺M7與雁北師院M5為例)

羅豐 Luo Feng 
固原北魏漆棺畫年代的再確定 (The Painted Northern Wei  Lacquer Coffin of Guyuan: Dating Revised)

魏堅 Wei Jian
牛川古城與北魏六鎮 (The Niuchuan Fortress and the Six Garrisons of the Northern Wei Dynasty)

張慶捷 Zhang Qingjie 
忻州九原崗北朝壁畫墓軍事內容窺探 (Military Themes in the Murals of the Northern Dynasties Tomb in Xinzhou)

王銀田 Wang Yintian
北朝時期的獸面紋: 以鋪首銜環為例 (Animal Masks of the Northern Dynasties) 


BECOMING METROPOLITAN

錢國祥 Qian Guoxiang

北魏洛陽宮城的勘察研究新進展 (The Imperial City of the Northern Wei Luoyang in Light of Recent Archaeological Studies)

朱岩石 Zhu Yanshi 

東魏北齊鄴城皇家佛寺遺跡考古發現與研究 (Buddhist Temples in the Eastern Wei/Northern Qi City of Ye: An Archaeological Study)

Dorothy C. Wong 王靜芬

Buddhist Transformation of Chang’an’s Architectural and Cultural Landscape, ca. 650–720 (佛教對長安建築與文化的改造, 約 650 年至 720 年)

SOGDIAN DIASPORA

張建林, 才洛太 Zhang Jianlin, Tshelothar (Cai Luotai) 

青海藏醫藥文化博物館藏彩繪棺板 (Painted Wooden Coffins in the Tibetan Medical Culture Museum) 

Jonathan Karam Skaff 斯加夫

Slavery and Foreign Slaves at Turfan during the Gaochang Kingdom (442–640) (高昌國（442–640）時期吐魯番地區的奴隸制與胡奴)

Albert E. Dien 丁愛博

Consideration of Some Aspects of the Sogdian Experience in China: From sabo to s’rtp’w (入華粟特人的生命歷程: 從“薩薄”到“s’rtp’w”)

CULTURAL INTERACTIONS

倪潤安 Ni Run’an 

北魏平城灰枕葬俗考 (Funerary Headrests in the Northern Wei Pingcheng Burials) 

韋正 Wei Zheng 

五世紀中後期的平城: 以墓葬資料為中心的觀察 (Pingcheng in the  Second Half of the Fifth Century as Seen fromBurial Materials)

Shing Müller 宋馨

Funerary Beds and Houses of the Northern Dynasties (北朝的石床與石室) 

白雲翔 Bai Yunxiang 

北朝時期民族文化交流與融合的宏觀考察: 以北朝墓葬遺存為中心(The Confluence of Cultures during the Northern Dynasties Period from the Aspect of Tomb Findings)

齊東方 Qi Dongfang 

生與死——兩個世界的徘徊 (Life and Death – Pondering the Two Worlds) 

Cultural interactions during the Zhou Period (c. 1000-350 BC): A Study of Networks from the Suizao Corridor

Author:
Beichen Chen

Publisher: 
Archaeopress Archaeology

Publication date:
February 28, 2019

Abstract:

‘Cultural Interactions during the Zhou Period (c. 1000-350 BC): A study of networks from the Suizao corridor’ examines cultural interactions during the Zhou period of China (c. 1000- 350 BCE) between the Suizao corridor (near the present-day Yangtze River region) and its contemporaries within or outside the Zhou realm. It concentrates mainly, but not exclusively, on bronze ritual vessels from the Suizao corridor, and discusses the underlying social and political relations between the dominant cultures and the regional ones in this particular area (the Zeng state for example), which are central to understanding the ways in which the dominant cultures joined their disparate territories into a whole. Newly excavated archaeological evidence show that there were at least three periods when people in the corridor learned about the current traditions employed elsewhere, which are: 1) Yejiashan period (from the 11th to the 10th century BCE); 2) post-Ritual Reform period (from the mid-9th to the mid-7th century BCE); and 3) Marquis Yi’s period (from the mid- 6th to the mid-4th century BCE). In these periods, local people were involved in networks of enormous and constantly changing complexity, in which people, objects, practices, and ideas were mixed together through inter-regional contacts. The choices of local people in adopting foreign materials and ideas from either the dominant cultures or other places depended heavily on the subjective view of their social identity, which can be constructed, maintained, or transited to adapt to different social and political environments.

Table of Contents:

Chapter One: Introduction

Chapter Two: Yejiashan Period

Chapter Three: Post-Ritual Reform Period

Chapter Four: Marquis Yi’s Period

Chapter Five: Conclusion

[Dissertation] The Southwest: A Study of Regional Identity in Material Culture and Textual Sources during the Eastern Han Dynasty (25 - 220 C.E.)

Author:
Hajnalka Elias

Advisor:
Roel Sterckx

Date:

2018

Awarding Institution:

University of Cambridge

Abstract:

This dissertation studies examples of social and cultural memory and identity manifested in the art of the southwest, present-day Sichuan province, during the Eastern Han dynasty. Through the study of the southwest’s material culture, considered special for its distinct artistic style and content by scholars in the field of Chinese art, combined with analysis of early textual sources, it highlights a number of important findings associated with the region’s social make-up, economic activities, burial practices, education and governance, all of which contributed to the formation of a distinct regional identity. The southwest’s geographical isolation and its great distance from the Central Plains; the difficulties and dangers of road and river transport from all directions; its multi-ethnic make-up and the engrained cultural prejudice from the north, especially from the capital’s governing elite and literati, were all factors that contributed to a sense of regional separation that manifested itself in a distinct material culture and is hinted at in early textual sources. The main sources of material culture examined in the dissertation are pictorial brick tiles and stone reliefs discovered in stone and brick chamber tombs; decorated stone sarcophagi placed in the region’s cliff tombs; and commemorative and ancestral stelae erected for the governors of Shu and Ba commanderies. In its methodology, the dissertation employs Western theories on social and cultural memory and identity. It also bridges two fields of study, cultural and art history, which are often pursued separately due to their distinct specialisations. The dissertation’s findings aim to contribute to our knowledge of the southwest and to the study of regional identity in early imperial China.

Memory and Agency in Ancient China: Shaping the Life History of Objects

Editors:
Francis Allard, Yan Sun, Kathryn M. Linduff

Publisher: 
Cambridge University Press

Publication date: 
February 2019

Abstract:

Memory and Agency in Ancient China offers a novel perspective on China's material culture. The volume explores the complex 'life histories' of selected objects, whose trajectories as ginle objects ('biographies') and object types ('lineages') cut across both temporal and physical space. The essays, written by a team of international scholars, analyse the objects in an effort to understand how they were shaped by the constraints of their social, political and aesthetic contexts, just as they were also guided by individual preference and capricious memory. They also demonstrate how objects were capable of effecting change. Ranging chronologically from the Neolithic to the present, and spatially from northern to southern mainland China and Taiwan, this book highlights the varied approaches that archaeologists and art historians use when attempting to reconstruct object trajectories. It also showcases the challenges they face, particularly with the unearthing of objects from archaeological contexts that, paradoxically, come to represent the earliest known point of their 'post-recovery lives'.

Table of Contents:

Introduction: memory and agency in Ancient China: shaping the life histories of objects Francis Allard, Yan Sun and Katheryn M. Linduff

1. Memory, amnesia and the formation of identity symbols in China Gideon Shelach

2. The lives of shovels and bells in early South China: memory, ritual and the power of destination Francis Allard

3. The whole and fragmented lives of jade objects from late Neolithic Middle Yangzi river burials (ca. 2000 BC) Sascha Priewe

4. The social life of salt in Ancient China from the Late Neolithic to the Han Dynasty Pochan Chen 陳伯楨

5. A divergent life history of bronze willow-leaf-shaped swords of Western Zhou China from 11th to c. 10th centuries BCE Yan Sun

6. Bird-pillar basins and cylindrical vessels: object lineage in Ancient China  Xiaolong Wu

7. Toiletries and the production of social memory from the Warring states through the Han (4th c. BCE–3rd c. CE) Sheri Lullo

8. A biographical approach to the study of the mounted archer motif during the Han Dynasty  Leslie Wallace

9. Dynamic between form and material: the bi disc in Western Han noble burial ritual Eileen Lam

10. Crossing the Taiwan Strait: contextualizing and re-contextualizing Taiwan Aboriginal Objects (1895–1980) Du Hui

11. Artifacts that invoke the aura and authority of the ancient Katheryn M. Linduff

[Dissertation] Erlitou and Its Neighbors: Contextualizing Interregional Interaction in the Central Yellow River Region in Ancient China

Author: 
Lee, Hsiu-Ping

School: 
UCLA

Defended: 
2018

Abstract: 

The primary goal of this dissertation is to explore various possible interaction patterns between Erlitou and its neighboring regions through the approach of contextualization. Under the presupposition that Erlitou was the political center of ancient China, the interregional interaction between Erlitou and its neighboring regions were always interpreted as a “center-periphery” relationship. Instead of Erlitou-centered perspective, this dissertation attempts to adopt the approach of contextualization, investigating how the three main core areas in ancient China, namely the Henan Region in which Erlitou was located, as well as the Hedong Region and the Henei Region which were two major neighboring regions of Erlitou, interacted with each other during the second quarter of the second millennium BC. In the past, scholars put more emphasis on how the center influenced its peripheries. However, this dissertation will also investigate how the peripheries influenced the center and how peripheries interacted with each other. The approach of contextualizing exotic artifacts within local settings provides crucial insights, helping us to reexamine the interaction patterns between the Henan, Hedong, and Henei Regions. The research results reveal a highly complicated interaction network between these three regions during the Erlitou Period. First of all, the relationship between the Henan Region and the Henei Region was getting tense over time due to military conflicts. Besides, the Henei Region revealed a greater influence on the Henan Region. Second, the relationship between the Henan Region and the Hedong Region may have been marked by competition over the metal resources for casting bronze objects. However, the Henan Region seems to have displayed a greater influence on the Hedong Region. Finally, the relationship between the Hedong Region and the Henei Region seems to have been steady. Probably these two regions maintained a situation of peaceful coexistence for a long time in the Erlitou Period.

Table of Contents:

Chapter 1 Introduction

Chapter 2 Previous Research into Interregional Interaction between Erlitou and ItsNeighbors

Chapter 3 Unidirectional Models, Interactional Approaches, and ContextualizationTheory

Chapter 4 Contextualizing Local Remains and Exotic Artifacts in the HenanRegion

Chapter 5 Contextualizing Local Remains and Exotic Artifacts in the Hedong Region

Chapter 6 Contextualizing Local Remains and Exotic Artifacts in the Henei Region

Chapter 7 Contextualizing the Remains of the Contact Zone between the Henan, Hedong and Henei Region

Chapter 8 Rethinking the Interregional Interaction in the Central Yellow River Region and beyond

Early China 41 (2018) 《古代中國》第41期

Table of Contents:

Letter from the Editor
SARAH ALLAN

OBITUARIES

Jao Tsung-I (Rao Zongyi) 饒宗頤 (1917–2018)
CHEN ZHI and ADAM SCHWARTZ

Gerhard Schmitt (1933–2017)
WOLFGANG BEHR

Zhang Zhongpei 張忠培 (1934–2017)
KATHERYN LINDUFF

ARTICLES

History as Future—Time, Prediction, and Historical Narrative
in the Zuo zhuan
PIOTR GIBAS

Poetry, “The Metal-bound Coffer,” and the Duke of Zhou
KUAN-YUN HUANG

The Zhou xun 周訓 and “Elevating the Worthy” (shang xian 尚賢)
ANDREJ FECH

Sacrifice vs. Sustenance: Food as a Burial Good in Late
Pre-Imperial and Early Imperial Chinese Tombs
and Its Relation to Funerary Rites
ARMIN SELBITSCHKA

Single- and Multi-Piece Manuscripts in Early Imperial China:
On the Background and Significance of a
Terminological Distinction
THIES STAACK

Overgrown Courtyards and Tilled Fields: Image-Based Debates on Governance and Body Politics in the Mengzi, Zhuangzi, and Huainanzi
TOBIAS BENEDIKT ZÜRN

Wanton Goddesses to Unspoken Worthies: Gendered Hermeneutics in the Chu ci zhangju
MONICA E. M. ZIKPI

Identifying the Textual Sources of Shi ji: Reviewing Past
Research for a More Encompassing Methodology
TREVER MCKAY

[Dissertation] Mining, Trade and State Formation in Early China

Author:
SHI, Tao 石濤

Defended:
2018

School:
University of California, Los Angeles

Abstract:

This dissertation aims at exploring the trade strategy and center-periphery relations in the process of state formation in early China. The focus is the Longshan and Erlitou periods (ca. 2300–1520 BCE). Instead of a center-based perspective, this research focuses on peripheries and discusses the impact of peripheral societies on the formation of the political-economic landscape of early states. By taking resource extraction and distribution as a departure point, I discuss the production modes, economic forms and social contexts in three resource-rich regions, which were significant sources of key resources in early China. Based on my estimation on scales of mining and mining landscapes, I argue that turquoise and copper mining and mining-related productions were all local, small-scale and village-based activities during the two periods. The current evidence shows that early states did not place direct control over resource extraction and distribution in these peripheral regions. Moreover, based on the arguments and comparative cases in other regions of the world, I further argue that the strategy of resource procurement of early states was never monopolistic. Rather, the Longshan and Erlitou-period states adopted a decentralized strategy to procure key resources. By considering Erlitou as a phenomenon of regeneration after Longshan collapses, I argue that the center-periphery relations maintained a strong continuity in this transitional period.

Table of Contents:

1 Introduction
2 Geographical background
3 Setting the stage: the transition to Chinese Bronze Age
4 Towards a comparative perspective
5 Mining and archaeology in the western Shangluo Corridor
6 Mining and archaeology in the eastern Shangluo Corridor
7 Metallurgical industries in the Jinnan and Middle Yangzi regions: a comparison
8 Discussion

[Dissertation] Cultural Encounters: Ethnic Complexity and Material Expression in Fifth-Century Pingcheng, China

Author:
ZHANG, Fan 張帆

School:
New York University

Defended:
2018

Abstract:

My dissertation focuses on art and material culture produced in the city of Pingcheng, the capital of the Northern Wei dynasty (386–535 CE) during the fifth century. A city of immigrants from diverse social, ethnic, and cultural backgrounds, Pingcheng was an unusually fertile land for vigorous cultural exchanges. Through investigation into material remains, from both funerary and religious contexts, and textual sources, both transmitted and excavated, my research delineate multiple ethnicity, artistic innovation, and cross-cultural interactions of Pingcheng. I adopt an interdisciplinary approach that combines art history, archaeology, and history to examine how individuals articulate their identities in a multiethnic society via various visual and material forms. Built on top of a set comprehensive archaeological data, this project highlights three tombs for in-depth case studies, including funerary portraits that display identities of the deceased, innovative burial furniture that crosses ethnic boundaries and showcases Pingcheng’s syncretism, and exotic silverwares that exemplify the intensive cultural exchange between East and Central Asia.

My dissertation challenges the Sino-centric perspective and Han/non-Han binary division. By investigating artistic productions associated with individuals, I explore the mediating role art plays in the social network and the process of identity articulation. My research situates Northern Wei art in a trans-cultural context of Eurasia by tracking movements of objects and migration of people. My emphasis on material culture also expands the scope of art historical study by including less-studied genres and experimenting with a trans-medium approach to conceptualize funerary art.

[Dissertation] Affordable Luxury: The Entanglements of Metal Mirrors in the Han Empire (202 BCE–220 CE)

Author:
Yanlong, GUO

School:
University of British Columbia

Defended:
2016

Abstract:

This dissertation is a relational study of the multiple entanglements of metal mirrors with consumers in the context of a monetized economy during the Han dynasty (202 BCE-220 CE). By looking at the triad of physical, economic, and semiotic interdependences, I trace the complex ways in which Han users shaped their mirrors and vice versa. Balancing transmitted and excavated sources, qualitative and quantitative methods, and physical sciences and art historical inquiries, I foreground an interdisciplinary understanding of the early imperial history of luxury consumption. This study follows these objects, from the accoutrements of mirrors such as ribbons, stands, pouches, and boxes, to all sorts of metal mirrors made from bronze, iron, lead, and those with additional ornaments, as they were purchased, then displayed and appreciated in the quotidian as well as mortuary settings of both wealthy and middle classes in Han China. I argue that these specular discs served as a dominant form of affordable luxury, signaling personal intimacies, monetary wealth, and aesthetic enjoyments.  

This study is divided into four chapters. Chapter 1, "Introduction," introduces the theoretical framework of entanglement and a perspective on the consumption of mirrors as luxuries. Chapter 2, “The Physical Entanglements,” explores the use value of Han mirrors, arguing for the portability and intimacy of the relations between these small yet intricate objects and their Han users as revealed through the holding, viewing, wearing, and burying practices. Chapter 3, “The Economic Entanglements,” investigates the market value of the mirrors, the socioeconomic status of consumers, and the gifting practices based upon such value. Chapter 4, “The Semiotic Entanglements,” highlights the physical, optical and symbolic interdependence between mirrors and the people of early imperial China. Moving beyond issues of representation, this chapter closely scrutinizes the aestheticization, symbolic correlations, and attainment of brightness in a variety of practices dependent upon the medium of Han mirrors. This study contributes to the field of early Chinese art with a nuanced examination of Han mirrors as treasured things that created systems of value, and with a reconstruction of lost linkages between the mirror as physical paraphernalia, source of value, and embodied aesthetic.  

TOC:

Chapter 1: Introduction

Chapter 2: Physical Entanglements of Mirrors: Portability, Intimacy, and Memory

Chapter 3: Economic Entanglements of Mirrors: Gifts, Commodities and Social
Distribution

Chapter 4: Semiotic Entanglements of Mirrors: the Sun, the Moon and the Great
Brightness

Chapter 5: Conclusion

Early Korea-Japan Interactions

Editors:
Mark E. Byington, Ken'ichi Sasaki, and Martin T. Bale

Publication date:
August 2018

Publisher:
University of Hawai’i Press

Abstract:

The present volume presents seven studies of interactions between societies and polities on the Korean peninsula and the Japanese archipelago from an archaeological perspective. The time periods reflected in these studies range from the Mumun and Yayoi societies of the first millennium B.C. to the final consolidation of early states in the seventh century A.D. These studies demonstrate that the archaeological approach yields views of early Korea-Japan interactions that are in many ways richer than those based on written records, often calling for major revisions of previous understandings of the early history of this region.

Table of Contents:

Introduction by Mark E. Byington, Ken'ichi Sasaki, and Martin T. Bale

"Bronze mirrors and Exchange Between Southern Korea and Kyushu" by
Lee Chungkyu

"Interaction Between the Korean Peninsula and the Japanese Archipelago
During the Yayoi Period" by Iwanaga Shozo

"Kaya, Silla, and Wa: Changing Relationships and Their Historical
Backgrounds" by Park Cheun Soo

"Interactions Between Paekche and Wa in the Third to Sixth Centuries A.D.
Based on Patterns of Trade and Exchange" by Woo Jae-Pyoung

"Ancient Kibi, Western Japan, and the Korean Peninsula" by Kameda
Shuichi

"Archaeological Investigations at the Omuro Cairn Cluster in the Central
Highlands of Japan: With Reference to Korean Immigrants in the Fifth and
Sixth Centuries A.D. " by Sasaki Kenichi

"Japan-Korea Interaction Viewed from Eastern Japan" by Habuta
Yoshiyuki

Social Memory and State Formation in Early China

Author:
Min Li 李旻

Publisher:
Cambridge University Press

Publication Date:
May 2018

Abstract:

In this book, Li Min proposes a new paradigm for the foundation and emergence of the classical tradition in early China, from the late Neolithic through the Zhou period. Using a wide range of historical and archaeological data, he explains the development of ritual authority and particular concepts of kingship over time in relation to social memory. His volume weaves together the major benchmarks in the emergence of the classical tradition, particularly how legacies of prehistoric interregional interactions, state formation, urban florescence and collapse during the late third and the second millenniums BCE laid the critical foundation for the Sandai 三代 notion of history among Zhou elite. Moreover, the literary-historical accounts of the legendary Xia Dynasty in early China reveal a cultural construction involving social memories of the past and subsequent political elaborations in various phases of history. This volume enables a new understanding on the long-term processes that enabled a classical civilization in China to take shape.

Table of Contents:

Foreword
1. Wen Ding 問鼎: gaging the weight of political power
2. Frames of reference: multiple classifications of space
3. Before the Central Plains: the pinnacle of Neolithic development
4. The Longshan 龍山 transition: political experimentation and expanding horizons
5. The rise of the Luoyang Basin and the production of the first bronze Ding vessels
6. The rise of the Henei Basin and the limit of Shang hegemony
7. The rise of the Guanzhong Basin and the birth of history
8. The world of Yu's tracks: a blueprint for political experimentation
9. Conclusion: the emergence of the classical tradition

Reading the Signs: Philology, History, Prognostication: Festschrift for Michael Lackner

Editors:
Amelung, Iwo / Kurtz, Joachim

Publication Date:
2018

Publisher:
München Iudicium 

Abtract:

Over more than 40 years, the sinologist Michael Lackner has studied a broad range of issues in China’s past and present. On the occasion of his 65th birthday, this volume brings together essays from friends, collaborators, colleagues, and students dedicated to the three fields of research in which he has made his most lasting contributions: philology, the histories of science and thought, and the study of prognostication. Michael Lackner’s work in all these areas is connected by an intense engagement with “signs”—texts and images but also objects, dreams, portents and omens—and the semiotic, epistemic and political contexts in which they become meaningful. The 25 contributions presented here highlight the fertility of such a transdisciplinary approach. Reading signs in material, textual, and visual sources dating from 2000 BCE to the present, scholars from four continents address themes as diverse as early Chinese ritual and cosmology; imperial and modern Chinese poetry, prose and drama; Chinese alchemy, astronomy and mathematics; the theory and practice of divination and prognosis; as well as exegetical traditions, political rhetoric, and problems of translation. Many articles examine entanglements between China and the West and offer comparative perspectives on developments in Europe and the Islamicate world.

Table of Contents:

List of Publications by Michael Lackner 朗宓榭

To a Reader of Signs: A Dedication
Iwo Amelung and Joachim Kurtz

I. Philology

The Earliest Chinese Bells in Light of New Archaeological Discoveries
Lothar von Falkenhausen

Reading Newly Discovered Texts: Approaches to the Guodian Text “Zhongxin zhi dao” 忠信之道
Michael Schimmelpfennig

The Language of Heaven
Rudolf G. Wagner

Sage: An Unreadable Sign
Chu Pingyi

Du Fu’s Long Gaze Back: Fate, History, Heroism, Authorship
Martin Kern

Sources for his Chinese Book
Christoph Harbsmeier

The Chinese Traditional Method of “Full or Vacant Characters” and the Grammar of Port-Royal
Uchida Keiichi

The Formation of Modern Written Chinese: Writing Categories and Polysyllabic Words
Shen Guowei

How to Modernize Hermeneutics: Readings of Rilke’s Late Poems
Christoph König

II. History

Laozi and Internal Alchemy
Fabrizio Pregadio

Drunken Talk: Political Discourse and Alcohol Consumption during the Northern Song Dynasty (960–1127 CE)
Dagmar Schäfer

Nara Singde, Assimilation, Acculturation, and Identity in the Early Qing
Erling von Mende

The Delayed “Triumph” of Yan Ruoqu’s Evidential Studies during the Qianlong Era
Benjamin A. Elman

Scientific News or Prognostic Interpretation: Chinese Records of the 1874 Transit of Venus
Lü Lingfeng

Local Refractions of a Global Concept
Joachim Kurtz

The Role of Alchemy in Constructing the Chinese Scientific Tradition
Iwo Amelung

Being Modern without the West? On the Futility of Self-Assertion in Chinese Thought
Marc A. Matten

Numbers as Signs: Conceptual Entanglements between Mathematics, Divination, and Language in the Modern Era
Andrea Bréard

III. Prognostication

Mis-reading the Signs, or: Theorizing Divination— Chinese and Greek
Lisa A. Raphals

Prognostication and Christianity in the Early Middle Ages
Klaus Herbers

Anxiety and Fear: Hexagrams “Ge” (49) and “Ding” (50) in the Zhouyi daquan
Tze-ki Hon

„An jenem Tag“. Über Prognose im Koran
Georges Tamer

Divination and Globalization: Some Comparative Perspectives on Geomancy in Premodern East Asia
Richard J. Smith

A Future Written in the Past: Prognostication in Diary Novels of Republican China
Carsten Storm

Fate, Freedom, and Will in European and Chinese Discourses on Chinese Tragedies
Natascha Gentz

東アジア古代都市のネットワークを探る: 日・越・中の考古学最前線

Editors:
黄曉芬 and 鶴間和幸 (Kazuyuki Tsuruma)

Publication Date:
201802

Publisher:
汲古書院

Table of Contents:

総 論

東アジア古代都市のネットワークを探る ──開催趣旨にかえて──   
黄暁芬

越日共同研究プロジェクト──その成果と展望──    
阮文団（Nguyen Van Doan）
（訳）範氏秋江（Pham Thi Thu Giang）・新津健一郎

漢帝国南端の交趾郡治を掘る   黄暁芬

東アジア圏における衛星リモートセンシングデータを用いた古代都市遺跡調査 
惠多谷雅弘

第１編 ベトナム(Vietnam)

2014 年ルイロウ古城発掘調査の新発見
張得戦（Truong Dac Chien）
（訳）範氏秋江（Pham Thi Thu Giang）・新津健一郎

ルイロウ古城発掘調査における放射性炭素年代測定
米田穣・尾嵜大真・大森貴之・黄暁芬

仏教の中心としてのルイロウ
黎文戦（Le Van Chien）
（訳）範氏秋江（Pham Thi Thu Giang）・新津健一郎

ベトナム漢墓から見た士燮政権   宮本一夫

第２編 中 国

漢武帝の時代の外交と内政   鶴間和幸

南越国考古研究の概述   劉瑞 （訳）徳留大輔

渠県沈府君（石）闕の調査と初歩的研究   秦臻 （訳）徳留大輔

漢墓印章封泥と楚国の始封属県    王健 （訳）石原遼平

六朝都城考古学の新進展   賀雲翺 （訳）新津健一郎

南京新出土の南朝大型組合画像磚墓の考察   祁海寧 （訳）吉田愛

第３編 日 本

今西龍が収集した楽浪塼とその歴史的意義   吉井秀夫

東夷印の中の「漢委奴國王」金印    石川日出志

六朝建康城と日本藤原京   佐川英治

後 記   黄暁芬・鶴間和幸

Gold in Ancient China (2000-200 BCE)

Authors:
Yang Junchang 楊軍昌, Paul Jett, Chen Jianli 陳建立

Publication Date:
July 2017

Publisher:
文物

Table of Contents:

Preface I
Preface II
Introduction
Excavated Gold Dating to the Xia and Shang Dynasties
Excavated Gold Dating to the Western Zhou Dynasty
Excavated Gold Dating to the Spring and Autumn Period
Excavated Gold Dating to the Warring States Period
Summary
Bibliography
Acknowledgements

Über den Alltag hinaus: Festschrift für Thomas O. Höllmann zum 65. Geburtstag

Editors:
Shing Müller and Armin Selbitschka

Publishing Date:
25.10.2017

Publisher:
Harrassowitz Verlag

Abstract:

In 21 Beiträgen ehren Schüler und Weggefährten aus München, Münster, Göttingen, Heidelberg, Cambridge und Oxford (GB), Los Angeles (CA), Tempe (AZ), Beijing und Shanghai den international renommierten Sinologen und nunmehr Präsidenten der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Thomas O. Höllmann anlässlich seines 65. Geburtstags. 

Höllmanns vielseitigen Forschungsinteressen Rechnung tragend vereint die Festschrift Untersuchungen aus den Bereichen Archäologie, Geschichte, Kunst, Philosophie und Ethnologie. Sie beleuchten verschiedenste Aspekte des täglichen Lebens vor allem in China vom Altertum bis in die Gegenwart. Dazu zählen ebenso die Aufnahme fremder Technologien in der Bronzeverarbeitung wie die Untersuchung von Ritualen und Wohnformen in der chinesischen Frühgeschichte, die Neubewertung zweier grundlegender Inschriftentexte aus der frühen Kaiserzeit wie die moderne Reinterpretation klassisch konfuzianischer Hochzeitsfeierlichkeiten. Ergänzt werden die Studien zur chinesischen Geschichte durch Beiträge zum Stadtleben der gebildeten Oberschicht im alten Indien und zum Leben mit Ruinen im antiken Rom. Auf diese Weise bietet dieser vielseitige Band nicht nur Sinologen, sondern auch archäologisch, geschichtswissenschaftlich, kunsthistorisch, philosophisch und ethnologisch interessierten Lesern zahlreiche Möglichkeiten, Neues zu entdecken.

Table of Contents:

Vorwort
Tabula gratulatoria
Schriftenverzeichnis

Hans van Ess, München
Mit Thomas Höllmann Tür an Tür

ALLTAG UND MEHR IM ALTEN CHINA

Jessica Rawson, Oxford
Bronze Vessels in Early China

Lothar von Falkenhausen, Los Angeles
Communication with the Divine Sphere in Ancient China

Maria Khayutina, München
Western Zhou Living Ambience: Earth-Sheltered Dwellings
in the Feng River Valley

Reinhard Emmerich, Münster
Chinas Zweiter Kaiser in neuem Lichte?

Armin Selbitschka, Shanghai
Quotidian Afterlife: Grain, Granary Models, and the Notion of Continuing
Nourishment in Late Pre-imperial and Early Imperial Tombs

Michael Loewe, Cambridge
Displaced Persons in Han China and the So-called “Mausoleum Towns”

Bai Yunxiang 白雲翔, Beijing

論漢代人生活中的魚和觀念中的魚

(Fish in Han China: Aesthetic, Symbolic, and Culinary Aspects)

Catrin Kost, München
Von Schmutzfinken, Saubermännern und Barbaren: Überlegungen
zur Stellung der Körperpflege im China der Han-Dynastie

Annette Kieser, Münster
Von Duftsäckchen und Schweinekoben: Toilettenmodelle
aus Gräbern der Sechs Dynastien in Südchina

Shing Müller, München
Zelte der Tuoba-Xianbei im 5. Jh.: Eine vorläufige Untersuchung

Lin Meicun 林梅村, Beijing
唐代文人的追求與夢想—唐代文人庭院建築遺跡調查
(Pursuit and Dreams of Chinese Scholars in the Tang Dynasty:
A Survey on Scholars’ Courtyards of Tang Times based on
Archaeological Finds and Written Sources)

JENSEITS DER CHINESISCHEN KULTUR

Roderich Ptak, München
Vom „Hundestaat“ nach Liuqiu und zu den „Ziegen-Inseln“:
Anmerkungen zu einer Meerfahrt im Lingbiao lu yi

Erhard Rosner, Göttingen
Marginalien zur Geschichte des Betelkauens in China

Hans van Ess, München
Der Name der Uiguren

Bruno J. Richtsfeld, München
Ursprungsmythen der Lhopa (Bangni-Bokar) in Südost-Tibet

Jens-Uwe Hartmann, München
Das Leben des kultivierten Städters im frühen Indien: Alltag oder Ideal?

Martin Zimmermann, München
Lost cities, urban explorers und antike Landschaften: Vom Leben mit Ruinen

PHILOSOPHISCHE ASPEKTE

Guje Kroh, München
Überlegungen zu Begriffen des Erkennens bzw. Wissens bei Xi Kang

Marc Nürnberger, München
Meister des Alltags

Hoyt Cleveland Tillman, Tempe
Reflections on Chinese Student Opinions on
the Modernized Zhu Confucian Wedding

KOLOPHON

Lothar Ledderose, Heidelberg
Kolophone in China und Europa