Ethical Treatment of Animals in Early Chinese Buddhism: Beliefs and Practices

Author:  
Pu Chengzhong 蒲成中(傳誠法師)

Publication Year: 
2014

Publisher: 
Cambridge Scholars Publishing

Abstract:

Through detailed discussions of several Buddhist and Chinese moral concepts and beliefs and accompanied by some edifying short stories, this book investigates three types of ethical treatment of animals in early Chinese Buddhism: the imperial bans on animal sacrifice; the early development of the two unique and living traditions of vegetarianism; and the freeing of animals. The book presents a demonstration of the early Chinese acceptance of Indian Buddhism, providing the reader with a better understanding of the early history of Chinese Buddhism in general, and of the integration of Chinese and Indian Buddhist cultures in particular.


Table of Contents:

Preface ........................................................................... vii

Abbreviations ................................................................... ix

Introduction ......................................................................1

Chapter One ..................................................................... 9
Governmental Prohibitions on Animal Sacrifices
1. Animal Sacrifice in Early China
2. Buddhist Views on the Killing of Animals
3. Edicts Prohibiting Animal Sacrifices and Killing Animals
during the 5th-7th Centuries
4. Conclusion

Chapter Two .....................................................................39
Chinese Buddhist Vegetarianism
1. Indian Buddhist Views on Meat Eating According to Chinese
Sources
2. The Vegetarian Tradition in Early China
3. Chinese Buddhist Vegetarians prior to the Imperial Campaign for
Vegetarianism
4. The Imperial Legitimisation of Vegetarianism for the Saṅgha
5. Conclusion

Chapter Three ................................................................101
The Buddhist Tradition of Releasing Animals
1. Releasing of Animals in Pre-Buddhist China
2. The Buddhist Practice of Releasing Animals Prior to the 5th Century
3. The Custom of Releasing Animals in 5th and 6th Century China
4. Conclusion

Chapter Four ...................................................................133
Animals in Chinese Moral Beliefs
1. The Features of the Early Chinese Ethical System
2. The Buddhist Doctrine of Moral Causality
3. The Integration of Chinese and Buddhist Moral Values
4. Recompense for Helping Animals
5. Consequences for Harming Animals
6. Conclusion

Conclusion ............................................................205

Appendix ..............................................................211

Bibliography ...................................................... 215

Index .................................................................263

中国中世仏教石刻の研究

Author:
氣賀澤保規 (Kegasawa, Yasunori)

Publication Year:
2013

Publisher:
勉誠出版

Abstract:
魏晋南北朝期から隋唐期にかけて、仏教は社会の隅々まで浸透し、「仏教社会」と規定できる時代が到来した。6世紀半ば以降の「末法到来」を起点とする時代に、仏教は中国においてどのように変容し、社会・文化に影響を与えていったのか。風雪に耐え、破壊も免れ、後の時代へと仏教信仰の痕跡を伝え続けてきた諸種の仏教石刻に着目することにより、当時の仏教信仰の社会的・歴史的展開を照らし出す。

Table of Contents:

序論　中国中世仏教石刻の地平　氣賀澤保規

第Ⅰ部　山東仏教石経の歴史的背景

山東泰嶧山区における刻経の新資料と北朝隋唐期の仏教　賴非　梶山智史訳

空王・空王仏・大空王仏―北朝末期仏教石刻に見る仏教の中国的変容―　手島一真

山東の摩崖刻経 ―諸訳・諸版本との比較結果、及び英訳の方針について―　クラウディア・ヴェンツェル　羅翠恂訳

第Ⅱ部　山東仏教石刻の美術史的考察

隋時代の山東仏教造像について　八木春生

隋仁寿舎利塔と青州勝福寺址　長岡龍作

泉屋博古館所蔵「乾元孝義皇帝八国王等」銘舎利容器の空間構成　ウォーリー朗子

《コラム》悟りの時代：東アジア美術史におけるグローバルな視座―ロター・レダローゼ、アデル・シュロンブス両氏インタビュー―　羅翠恂訳

第Ⅲ部　中国中世仏教石刻の多様性と広がり

石碑の意匠「穿」について　徳泉さち

四川仏教石刻の性格　肥田路美

房山雲居寺石経事業と唐後半期の社会　氣賀澤保規

おわりに　氣賀澤保規

The Han Commanderies in Early Korean History

Editor: 
Mark E. Byington

Publisher: 
University of Hawaii Press 

Publication Year: 
2013

Abstract: 

This volume, consisting of ten chapters and an introduction, treats that period of the history of the Korean peninsula characterized by the presence of commanderies first established by the Chinese Han empire in 108 B.C. The ten chapters of this volume address such topics as the societies that preceded the commanderies, the history and material culture of the commanderies, particularly of Lelang, the political and cultural influence the commanderies exerted upon surrounding regions, and the structural character of the commanderies in Korea viewed in broad perspective.


Table of Contents:

Introduction by Mark E. Byington

"Scholarly Studies on the Han Commanderies in Korea" by Oh Youngchan and Mark E. Byington

"Old Chosŏn- Its History and Archaeology" by Song Ho Jung

"The History of Lelang Commandery" by Kwon O-jung

"The Ruling Class of Lelang Commandery" by Oh Youngchan

"The Material Culture of Lelang Commandery" by Jung In-seung

"The Samhan, Ye, and Wa in the Time of the Lelang and Daifang Commanderies" by Lee Sungsi

"The Fall of the Lelang and Daifang Commanderies and Its Aftermath" by Yeo Hokyu

Koguryŏ and the Reorganization of Xuantu Commandery" by Lee Seongje

"Lelang Commandery and Han China's Commandery-Based Rule" by Kim Byung-joon

"Historical Geography of the Han Commanderies in Korea" by Mark E. Byington

六朝文体論

Author: 
福井佳夫 (Fukui Yoshio) 

Publication Year: 
2014

Publisher: 
汲古書院

Table of Contents:

Ⅰ文体の種々相
第一章　文体と文体学
第二章　文体の変容
第三章　作風の使いわけ

Ⅱ修辞論
第四章　典故論――揚雄「百官箴」を中心に
第五章　対偶論――陸機「弁亡論」を中心に
第六章　助字論――美文における助字の省略

Ⅲ文体各論（両漢）
第七章　詔のジャンル――漢魏の作を中心に
第八章　上奏文のジャンル――鄒陽「獄中上書自明」を中心
第九章　碑文のジャンル――蔡邕の作を中心に
第十章　九錫文のジャンル――潘勖「冊魏公九錫文」を中心に
第十一章　檄文のジャンル――陳琳の作を中心に
第十二章　誄のジャンル――潘陸の作を中心に
第十三章　序のジャンル――別集序を中心に
第十四章　上書のジャンル――江淹「詣建平王上書」を中心に
第十五章　論難のジャンル――范縝「神滅論」を中心に
第十六章　班固における四言と五言――「漢書述」を中心に
第十七章　四言リズムの転進――詩から文へ
第十八章　詩と文の融合――六朝美文の到達点

Unearthing the Changes: Recently Discovered Manuscripts of the Yi Jing (I Ching) and Related Texts 新出土竹簡《易經》與相關文本

Author: 
Edward L. Shaughnessy (夏含夷)

Publication Year:
2014

Publisher:
Columbia University Press

Abstract:

In recent years, three ancient manuscripts relating to the Yi jing (I Ching), or Classic of Changes, have been discovered. The earliest—the Shanghai Museum Zhou Yi—dates to about 300 B.C.E. and shows evidence of the text’s original circulation. The Guicang, or Returning to Be Stored, reflects another ancient Chinese divination tradition based on hexagrams similar to those of the Yi jing. In 1993, two manuscripts were found in a third-century B.C.E. tomb at Wangjiatai that contain almost exact parallels to the Guicang’s early quotations, supplying new information on the performance of early Chinese divination. Finally, the Fuyang Zhou Yi was excavated from the tomb of Xia Hou Zao, lord of Ruyin, who died in 165 B.C.E. Each line of this classic is followed by one or more generic prognostications similar to phrases found in the Yi jing, indicating exciting new ways the text was produced and used in the interpretation of divinations. 

Unearthing the Changes details the discovery and significance of the Shanghai Museum Zhou Yi, the Wangjiatai Guicang, and the Fuyang Zhou Yi, including full translations of the texts and additional evidence constructing a new narrative of the Yi jing’s writing and transmission in the first millennium B.C.E. An introduction situates the role of archaeology in the modern attempt to understand the Classic of Changes. By showing how the text emerged out of a popular tradition of divination, these newly unearthed manuscripts reveal an important religious dimension to its evolution.

Table of Contents:

List of Illustrations
List of Tables
Preface
Acknowledgments

1. Divining the Past, Divining the Future: Archaeology and the Rediscovery of the Changes
2. The Context, Content, and Significance of the Shanghai Museum Manuscript of the Zhou Yi 上博《周易》
3. Translation of the Shanghai Museum Manuscript of the Zhou Yi
4. The Wangjiatai Bamboo-Strip Manuscripts of the Gui cang  王家台《歸藏》
5. Translation of the Gui cang Fragments 
6. The Fuyang Zhou Yi Manuscript 阜陽《周易》
7. Translation of the Fuyang Zhou Yi Manuscript 
Conclusions and Conjectures

東アジア木簡学のために

Editor: 
角谷常子 (Sumiya, Tuneko)

Publication Year: 
2014

Publisher: 
汲古書院 Kyuko Shoin

Table of Contents:

第一部 中国・韓国の木簡 
木簡使用の変遷と意味（角谷常子） 
文書行政における常套句（冨谷至） 
古代東アジアにおける付札の展開（鷹取祐司） 
木簡の行方――唐代木簡の存否を考えるための覚書（藤田高夫） 
穀物の貸与と還納をめぐる文書行政システム一斑――東アジア古文書学の起点としての長沙呉簡（關尾史郎） 
韓国出土木簡と東アジア世界論――『論語』木簡を中心に（李成市） 

第二部 日本の木簡 
日本古代木簡の視覚機能（市大樹） 
荷札木簡に見える地名表記の多様性（舘野和己） 
考課・選叙の木簡と儀式（寺崎保広） 
書写技術の伝播と日本文字文化の基層（馬場基） 
墨書のある木製品とその機能――東アジア木簡学の確立のために（渡辺晃宏） 
歌木簡――文学と考古学の交差点（ジョシュア・フライドマン）

Bronze Age China: Style and Material 青銅中國：形式與材質

Editor: 
Ying Wang

Publication Year: 
2010

Publisher: 
Cambridge Scholars Publishing

Abstract:

"Style" in Chinese art and archaeology encompass complex meanings that beyond studies of decorative motifs, design and traditional sense on artistic style. This anthology considers function, behavior, manufacture, usage, design, material and context are expanded definition of "style". Examine style in a larger context assists in investigating the aspects of life-style, gender, social structure, labor division, and craft specialization in a society, explains the social strata, rituals, and technical traditions. Scholars of this volume come from varied backgrounds, intends to achieve an understanding of the concept of material and style of Bronze Age while current excavated data are updated everyday in this particular field.


Table of Contents:

List of Figures............................................. vii 

Introduction ............................................... xi  Ying Wang 

Part I. Style Reconsidered 

Functional Style of Ceramics from Miaopu Locus North, Anyang, 
and Changes in Social Relations..................................... 3 
Minna Franck 

Stone Tools and Style in Chinese Archaeology: Zhongba Lithic 
Artifacts and Cultural Interaction in the Yangzi River Valley .................. 49 
Gwen P. Bennett 

Part II. Cultural Interactions and Media 

Style and Social Boundary in Bronze Age Southeast China ..................... 77 
Tianlong Jiao 

Interpreting the Stylistic Variation of Early Drums from Yunnan ............ 93 
Tzehuey Chiou-Peng 

Part III. Power and Belief 

The Fu of the Shang Dynasty: Women, Wives and Warriors.................. 117 
Mara A. Duckens 

Style and Belief: A Study of the Discoveries of Sanxingdui................... 129 
Shi Jinsong 

Glossary................................................ 187 
Bibliography............................................191 
Contributors............................................211

呂太后期の権力構造：前漢初期「諸呂の乱」を手がかりに

Author: 
郭茵 (Yin, Guo)

Publication Year: 
2014

Publisher: 
九州大學出版會 (Kyushu University Press)

Table of Contents:

序章 本書の目的と先行研究
第一節 本書の目的
第二節 先行研究
第三節 本書の構成と概要

第一章 呂太后の権力基盤について
はじめに
第一節 楚漢戦争中の呂太后の行方
第二節 戚姫と趙王如意
第三節 太子の廃立と周呂侯呂沢
第四節 漢帝国樹立後の呂太后
第五節 呂太后の権力基盤
おわりに

第二章 漢初の南北軍
はじめに
第一節 南北軍に関する基本史料
第二節 先行研究における南北軍
第三節 諸説共通の問題点
第四節 究明すべきいくつかの事実
第五節 「諸呂の乱」の再現
第六節 前漢初期の長安における軍事力について
おわりに

第三章 劉邦期における官僚任用政策
はじめに
第一節 軍功と封侯
第二節 漢五年の三公九卿について
第三節 文武の対立と劉邦の統治理念
おわりに

第四章 呂太后の権力基盤の衰退と官僚任用政策の変化
はじめに
第一節 「怏怏」派の存在と曹参の任用
第二節 丞相権の分割と太尉の復活
第三節 呂太后の不安と側近の任用
第四節 呂氏一族の任用
第五節 九卿の任用について
おわりに

第五章 「諸呂の乱」における大臣と斉王兄弟
はじめに
第一節 「諸呂の乱」について
第二節 少帝弘をめぐる中央の情勢
第三節 斉王兄弟と大臣の目的及び少帝弘の身元について
第四節 「諸呂の乱」における大臣と斉王兄弟
第五節 「諸呂の乱」をめぐる動き
第六節 「諸呂の乱」の影響
おわりに

終章 本研究の結論と前漢史研究における意義
第一節 本研究の要約
第二節 前漢史研究における本研究の意義

Zhuge Liang: Strategy, Achievements, and Writings 諸葛亮戰略

Author: 
Ralph D. Sawyer

Publisher: 
CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform

Publication Year: 
2014

Abstract:

A decidedly historic figure whose legend was increasingly magnified over the centuries, Zhuge Liang (Chu-ko Liang) has long been regarded as a brilliant strategist, commander, administrator, inventor, practitioner of the esoteric arts, originator of arcane wisdom, military thinker, and a sagacious king maker. His geostrategic insights rescued Liu Pei from extinction, resulting in China’s Three Kingdoms period, and his innovative tactics – including the “empty city ploy” -- reportedly resulted in defeating vastly superior, often befuddled foes. His escapades and achievements have become the subject of tales and novels, movies and tv serializations, and he looms large in war games and contemporary media. However, understanding his extensive military writings requires penetrating the myths and stories, discerning Chu-ko Liang’s real accomplishments, and acknowledging his shortcomings.

In addition to a complete, annotated translation of all his martial works and many of his missives and memorials, Zhuge Liang: Strategy, Achievements, and Writings contains an extensive historical introduction which outlines the military context, examines his strategic thought, and analyzes the numerous campaigns he personally directed after Liu Pei’s death. Insights from the Art of War and other classic Chinese military works well familiar to Chu-ko Liang are employed throughout.