Rumor in the Early Chinese Empires

Author:
Zongli Lu 呂宗力

Publisher: 
Cambridge University Press

Publication date:
July 31, 2020

Abstract:
This is the first English translation of Lu Zongli's major study of rumor in the early Chinese empires. Lu explores how rumor, a non-official form of public opinion, formed and spread through non-official channels of early Chinese history. In this careful investigation, Lu utilizes sources concerning dynastic politics, popular songs, mythology and prophetic texts, dissecting the nature, function and impact of rumor on politics and culture. His work demonstrates the ways that historians can examine views outside of mainstream thinking, interpret group mentality and try to understand the atmosphere of a specific moment in history.

Table of Contents:

1. Disseminated talk and unverifiable talk
2. Portentous talk
3. Popular songs and rhymes
4. Chen prophecy and prophetic rhyme
5. Political myths and popular legends
6. Observations and thoughts.

The Oxford Handbook of Early China

Editor:
Elizabeth Childs-Johnson

Publisher:
Oxford University Press

Publication date:
August 2020

Abstract:
The Oxford Handbook on Early China brings 30 scholars together to cover early China from the Neolithic through Warring States periods (ca 5000-500BCE). The study is chronological and incorporates a multidisciplinary approach, covering topics from archaeology, anthropology, art history, architecture, music, and metallurgy, to literature, religion, paleography, cosmology, religion, prehistory, and history.

Table of Contents:

Section I: Introduction and Background by Elizabeth Childs-Johnson

Section II: Neolithic Farmers, Ceramics and Jade
1. The Neolithic revolution in the north, ca. 7/6000-2000 BCE Xinglongwa, Xinlei, Yangshao, Hongshan, and related cultures(Inequality/social complexity in Neolithic northern China) by Andrew Womack, Yale University
2. The Neolithic revolution in the south, ca. 7/6000-2000BCE
Majiabang, Hemudu, Daxi, Songze cultures by Xiangming Fang, Zhejiang IA
3. The Neolithic jade revolution in Northeast China by Chung Tang, Mana H. Tang, and Yadi Wen, Chinese University of Hong Kong and Liu Guoxiang, CASS, IA
4. The Jade Age revisited, ca. 3500-2000BCE by Elizabeth Childs-Johnson, Independent Scholar
5. The Liangzhu Culture and the Ancient City of Liangzhu by Bin Liu, Zhejiang IA
6. Longshan Culture Issues: Taosi and cosmology by He Nu, CASS, IA

Section III: First Dynasty of the Bronze Age: Xia Period
7. Introduction: definitions, themes and debate by Xu Hong, Department of Xia-Shang-Zhou Archaeology, CASS, IA
8. Settlements, Buildings, and Society of the Erlitou Culture by Xu Hong and Li Xiang Hong Xu and Xiang Li
9. The bronze casting revolution and the ritual vessel set by Hong Xu and Yu Liu
10.The spread of Erlitou yazhang (VM3:4) to South China: origin and dispersal of early political states and order in early China by Chung Tang, Chinese University of Hong Kong and Fang Wang, Jinsha Museum, Chengdu

Section IV: The First Height of the Bronze Age- The Shang Period
11. Shang cultural and historical setting by Jonathan Smith, Christopher Newport University and Yuzhou Fan, Nanjing University
12. Early and Middle Shang by Guoding Song, Department of History, Beijing Normal University
13. Shang religion, belief, and art by Elizabeth Childs-Johnson
14. Bronze casting technology and metallurgy issues by Changping Zhang, Wuhan University
15. Late Shang: Anyang Shang City architecture and layout by E. Childs-Johnson
16. Late Shang: Fu Zi and M5 at Xiaotun by Dingyun Cao, CASS, Institute of History

Section V: The Second Height of the Bronze Age: The Western Zhou Period
17. Western Zhou cultural and historic setting by Maria Khayutina, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich
18. Government and society by Nicholas Vogt, Indiana University
19. Rites and mortuary practice (inscriptions and texts) by Connie Cook, Lehigh Univ.
20. Bronze working, stylistic and other innovations by Yan Sun, Gettysburg College
21. Bells and music in the Zhou by Scott Cook, University of Singapore

Section VI: The Third Height of the Bronze Age-Springs and Autumns Period
22. Historical background: terms and dating by Yuri Pines, Hebrew University
23. Historiography, thought, and intellectual development by Yuri Pines, Hebrew University of Jerusalem University
24. Cultures and styles by Xiaolong Wu, Hanover College

Section VII: The Iron Age- Warring States Period
25. The Warring States Period: Historical Background by Yuri Pines, Hebrew University of Jerusalem
26. The iron, agricultural, and military revolution by Wangcheong Lam, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
27. Political, military, and economic reforms: Institutional Reforms and Reformers by Yuri Pines, Hebrew University of Jerusalem
28. Political, military, and economic reforms: Change and Continuity at the intersection of received history and the material record: capitals, population registration, oaths, and tallies by Charles Sanft, University of Arizona
29. Political, military, and economic reforms: The army, wars, and military arts by Albert Galvany, University of Barcelona
30. Social, intellectual, and religious transformations: The shi, diplomats, and urban expansion by Andrew Meyer, Brooklyn College
31. Social, intellectual and religious transformations: Thinkers: Confucians and their critics; Mozi and Mencius; Laozi, Zhuangzi, and Han Feizi by Moss Roberts, New York University
32. Social, intellectual and religious transformations: Mozi by Vincent S. Leung, Hong Kong University
33. Social, intellectual and religious transformations: Mohism and jian ai by Carine Defoort, University of Leuven
34. Chu religion and art by John Major and Elizabeth Childs-Johnson
35. The artistic revolution by Jie Shi, Bryn Mawr College

燉煌文書の研究

Author:
土肥　義和 （DOHI Yoshikazu ）

Publication date:
July 2020

Publisher:
汲古書院

Table of Contents:

序　　　土肥史学と敦煌・吐魯番文書研究（氣賀澤保規）
自　序
前篇　唐代律令制関係文書の研究

第一部　唐代均田制の実施関係文書の研究
　はじめに
　――わが国における唐代均田制研究の課題――

第一章　唐令より見たる現存唐代戸籍の基礎的研究
　――均田制施行との関連において――
　一　はじめに　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　二　現存唐代戸籍の書式
　三　燉煌県開元四年・十年籍稿（P三八七七V）にみえる給田記載　　　　　　　
　四　おわりに

第二章　唐代燉煌戸籍の居住園宅について
　――その班給と田土の地割とに関連して――

第三章　唐代西州における均田制の開始
　――貞観十四年九月の手実を中心に――

第四章　唐代均田制の給田基準攷
　――とくに吐魯番盆地の実例を中心に――

第五章　唐代均田制下における燉煌の田土給授について
　一　はじめに　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　二　燉煌県受田簿断簡と付着紙片
　三　燉煌県受田簿の外形的特徴と成立年代　　　　
　四　燉煌県受田簿の特質　　　
　五　おわりに

第六章　唐開元十六年燉煌県史氾知節請給田土衛志曹大慶牒の一分析
　はしがき　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　一　文書の概観
　二　文書の記載形式上の特徴　　　　　　　　　　
　三　文書の内容分析　　　　　
　む す び

まとめ　唐代における均田法施行の史料雑抄
　序　言　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　一　西州高昌県等狭郷の給田記録
　二　沙州燉煌県寛郷の給田申請牒について　
　むすびに代えて――均田法下の嶺南地区

第二部　令文関係文書の研究

第一章　永徽二年東宮諸府職員令の復元
　――大英図書館蔵同職員令断片（S一一四四六）
　　　の発見に際して――
　一　永徽二年職員令復元の経緯　　　　　　　　　
　二　新発見職員令断片と他断巻との接続状況
　三　永徽二年職員令の外形的特徴　　　　　　　　
　四　編纂者記載と撰上期日

第二章　唐考課令等写本断片（Дx六五二一）等
　――開元二十五年撰『格式律令事類』に関連して――
　一　問題の所在　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　二　本断片（Дx六五二一）の条文復元
　三　条文復元にかかわる史料と解釈　　　　　　　
　むすびにかえて――本断片の特質――

後篇　燉煌帰義軍期の政治社会および仏教教団関係文書の研究

第一部　帰義軍節度使支配期（唐晩期・五代・宋初）の政治社会と仏教教団

第一章　帰義軍節度使支配期（唐晩期・五代・宋初）の政治社会
　第一節　帰義軍（唐後期・五代・宋初）時代
　一　はじめに――帰義軍節度使の燉煌支配　　　　
　二　帰義軍の行政的支配機構
　三　胡漢雑居の住民構成　　　　　　　　　　　　
　四　帰義軍と燉煌仏教教団
　五　莫高窟千仏洞と帰義軍　　　　　　　　　　　
　六　むすびにかえて

　第二節　燉煌発見唐・回鶻間交易関係漢文文書断簡考
　一　はじめに　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　二　文書断簡の復元とその外形的特徴
　三　唐・回鶻間交易文書の一分析　　　　　　　　
　四　むすびにかえて

　第三節　燉煌文書をめぐる堀敏一先生の思い出
　　――付「戌年六月十八日諸寺丁壮車牛役部（S五四二V）」に見える燉煌寺戸の
　　性格に関する若干の考察――

第二章　燉煌仏教教団十六大寺から十八大寺の成立と蘭若
　一　莫高窟と窟寺　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　二　莫高窟の性格
　三　燉煌仏教教団大寺の増建　　　　　　　　　　
　四　燉煌の蘭若

第三章　燉煌莫高窟の性格
　一　莫高窟景観　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　二　莫高窟で催された燃燈会
　三　燉煌仏教教団と窟寺と三所禅窟
　　　　　　　
第四章　燉煌莫高窟を支えた人達

　第一節　燉煌莫高窟を支えた人達
　――燉煌研究院編『莫高窟供養人題記』の数量的分析――
　一　はじめに　　　　　　　
　二 『供養人題記』に見える九・十世紀の窟龕数について
　三 『供養人題記』に見える供養者の姓氏別分布の一特色
　四　九・十世紀における莫高窟の造営者たち

　第二節　燉煌莫高窟供養人図像題記について
　――その配置を中心に――

第二部　燉煌「社」集団の組織と特色

第一章　唐・北宋間の「社」の組織形態に関する一考察
　――燉煌の場合を中心に――

第二章　唐・北宋の間、燉煌の杜家親情社追補社条（S八一六〇RV）について
　はしがき
　一　杜家親情社追補社条の記載形式上の特徴　　　
　二　杜家追補社条の条規
　三　杜家追補社条に見える贈例　　　　　　　　　
　四　杜家追補社条に見える三駄と三贈（請贈）
　五　杜家追補社条の作成年代　　　　　　　　　　
　六　杜家追補社条に見える親情
　おわりに

第三部　燉煌文献の性格とその封蔵

　曹氏帰義軍後期、燉煌管内仏教教団の写経事業記録の分析
　――「燉煌遺書」の性格を探って――
　はじめに
　一　九八〇年代以降、燉煌管内仏教教団の主要な写経記録の分析
　二　九八〇年代―一〇〇二年代燉煌管内仏教教団の写経人・勘経人の人名一覧
　三　写経人・勘経人の身分構成
　四　十世紀後期以降の経巻包装紙より見た蔵経写経
　おわりに

附論　燉煌文書の魅力
　ウィグルと中国の朝貢貿易　　　
　道円に関する文書　　　
　三つの疑問

　初出一覧

　あとがきにかえて
　土肥先生の西域文書に取り組む研究姿勢について（石田勇作）
　土肥義和先生の「龍朔二年（六六二）高昌県思恩寺僧籍」釈読（速水　大）
　十世紀末期から十一世紀初期の燉煌写経事業において武周新字が用いられている
　点への指摘の重要性（十時淳一）

Sacred Landscapes of Imperial China: Astronomy, Feng Shui, and the Mandate of Heaven

Author: 
Giulio Magli

Publisher: 
Springer

Publication date:
June 2020

Abstract:

This book analyses the magnificent imperial necropolises of ancient China from the perspective of Archaeoastronomy, a science which takes into account the landscape in which ancient monuments are placed, focusing especially but not exclusively on the celestial aspects. The power of the Chinese emperors was based on the so-called Mandate of Heaven: the rulers were believed to act as intermediaries between the sky gods and the Earth, and consequently, the architecture of their tombs, starting from the world-famous mausoleum of the first emperor, was closely linked to the celestial cycles and to the cosmos. This relationship, however, also had to take into account various other factors and doctrines, first the Zhao-Mu doctrine in the Han period and later the various forms of Feng Shui. As a result, over the centuries, diverse sacred landscapes were constructed. Among the sites analysed in the book are the “pyramids” of Xi’an from the Han dynasty, the mountain tombs of the Tang dynasty, and the Ming and Qing imperial tombs. The book explains how considerations such as astronomical orientation and topographical orientation according to the principles of Feng Shui played a fundamental role at these sites.

Table of Contents:

1 Heavens and Earth in Ancient China

2 In Between Wind and Water

3 A Mound and A Terracotta Army

4 Pyramids on the River

5 The Golden Age

6 A New Splendor

7 A Beautiful Valley

8 The Last Dynasty

Conclusions: A View from Purple Mountain

Appendix Probing Feng Shui Landscapes
The Azimuth-Altitude Reference System
The Horizon Formula
The Use of Virtual Globe Software
Palaeomagnetic Models Chronology of Imperial China

The Art of Chinese Philosophy: Eight Classical Texts and How to Read Them

Author:
Paul R. Goldin

Publication date:
April 2020

Publisher:
Princeton University Press

Abstract:
This book provides an unmatched introduction to eight of the most important works of classical Chinese philosophy—the Analects of Confucius, Mozi, Mencius, Laozi, Zhuangzi, Sunzi, Xunzi, and Han Feizi. Combining accessibility with the latest scholarship, Paul Goldin, one of the world’s leading authorities on the history of Chinese philosophy, places these works in rich context as he explains the origin and meaning of their compelling ideas.

Because none of these classics was written in its current form by the author to whom it is attributed, the book begins by asking, “What are we reading?” and showing that understanding the textual history of the works enriches our appreciation of them. A chapter is devoted to each of the eight works, and the chapters are organized into three sections: “Philosophy of Heaven,” which looks at how the Analects, Mozi, and Mencius discuss, often skeptically, Heaven (tian) as a source of philosophical values; “Philosophy of the Way,” which addresses how Laozi, Zhuangzi, and Sunzi introduce the new concept of the Way (dao) to transcend the older paradigms; and “Two Titans at the End of an Age,” which examines how Xunzi and Han Feizi adapt the best ideas of the earlier thinkers for a coming imperial age.

In addition, the book presents clear and insightful explanations of the protean and frequently misunderstood concept of qi—and of a crucial characteristic of Chinese philosophy, nondeductive reasoning. The result is an invaluable account of an endlessly fascinating and influential philosophical tradition.

Table of Contents:

Introduction: What Are We Reading?
Chapter One. Nondeductive Argumentation and the Art of Chinese Philosophy
Chapter Two. The Analects of Confucius
Chapter Three. Mozi
Chapter Four. Mencius
Chapter Five. Laozi
Chapter Six. Zhuangzi
Chapter Seven. Sunzi
Chapter Eight. Xunzi
Chapter Nine. Han Feizi

Kao Gong Ji: The World’s Oldest Encyclopaedia of Technologies

Translators & Commentators: 
Zengjian Guan and Konrad Herrmann

Publication Date: 
09 Dec 2019

Publisher:
Brill

Abstract:
In Kao Gong Ji: The World’s Oldest Encyclopaedia of Technologies, Guan Zengjian and Konrad Herrmann offer an English translation and commentary of the first technological encyclopaedia in China. This work came into being around the 5th century C.E. and contains descriptions of thirty technologies used at the time. Most prominent are bronze casting, the manufacture of carriages and weapons, a metrological standard, the making of musical instruments, and the planning of cities. The technologies, including the manufacturing process and quality assurance, are based on standardization and modularization. In several commentaries, the editors show to which degree the descriptions of Kao Gong Ji correspond to archaeological findings.

Table of Contents:
Preface
Foreword
Introduction
The Text
  卷上 (Part One)
  卷下 (Part Two)
Analysis – Commentaries