Buddhist Stone Inscriptions in China: Shandong 1 中國佛教石經：山東省 (第一卷)

Editors: 

Lothar Ledderose (雷德侯) & Wang Yongbo 王永波

Publisher: 

Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden

Publication Year: 

2014

Abstract:

This is the first volume of an extensive series dedicated to the Buddhist sutras carved into stone in several Chinese provinces. The sutra texts in Shandong, dating from ca. 560 to 580, were cut into bare rock under the open sky. These little known monuments are a major chapter in the history of art, in the Buddhist textual tradition, and in landscape design. The volume presents startling scripts on precipitous cliffs and massive boulders in photographs taken at the sites, and in rubbings made in ink. This corpus offers not only major religious texts, but also makes available almost unknown calligraphic achievements. Among them are conspicuous names of Buddhas, up to nine meters high, that were only discovered in the 1990s. They manifest the Buddhas in the very rock. The passages from the prajñāpāramitā literature at a large number of mountain sites underlines the religious communities' interest in meditation.

All texts at a particular site, including the passages from the Buddhist sutras and the later colophons, have been completely documented, translated and analyzed. They shed new light on an exciting period in Chinese history, when the Middle Kingdom was intimately engaged with Inner Asia and even India. The foreign religion, which brought the anthropomorphic pantheon to China, manifests itself here in the quintessential Chinese medium of calligraphy.


● 第一卷為山東東平平陰地區田野調查資料的彙總報告

地下からの贈り物 新出土資料が語るいにしえの中国

Editor:
中国出土資料学会

Publisher:
東方書店

Publication Year:
2014

Abstract:
出土資料を扱う研究の歴史が長いことは本書の中でも触れられているとおりですが、近年資料が次々発見されたことで、出土資料研究は日本に限らず、中国をはじめとした世界中で活気を帯びています。そして出土資料を使った研究により、これまでわからなかった中国の近代以前の実像が徐々に明らかになってきています。このような新しい研究状況を広く知ってもらいたい、それが本書を学会として編集するに到った理由です。また近年、中国の古い時代に興味を持つ若い世代の人が少なくなる傾向があります。現代の社会が大きく変化している中で、他国の歴史、それも古い時代に興味を持つことが難しくなっていることが背景にあると思いますが、そのなかでも少しでも多くの人に近代以前の中国の面白さを知ってもらい、興味を持ってもらいたい……、そう考えたことも本書を作る契機になりました。

Table of Contents:

はじめに―出土資料って何？ 原宗子
目次 
用語の説明

第1章 出土資料でわかること 
　1-1 地下の文書館を掘る   小澤正人
　1-2 殷周時代の文字資料―甲骨文・金文― 角道亮介
　1-3 ベールを開いた「法治」   石岡　浩
　1-4 大昔の犯罪捜査と裁判を覗く   水間大輔
　1-5 王様と暦    平勢隆郎
　1-6 「家族」のあり方   小寺　敦
　1-7 何を食べていたのか   村上陽子
　1-8 自然環境の変化を辿る   原　宗子
　1-9 青銅貨幣は語る   江村治樹
　1-10 祀りと占いの世界   池澤　優
　1-11 諸子百家はどう展開したか   西山尚志
　1-12 絹に記す典籍、木切れに書く便り   工藤元男
　1-13 経学とは何か 池田知久
　1-14 儒家思想が台頭するまで    井ノ口哲也　
　1-15 文字はこう変わった   大西克也
　1-16 南方の風俗・文化は独自か？－楚簡の世界   森　　和
　1-17 医学の発生   真柳　誠
　1-18 太極拳のルーツ   川村　潮
　1-19 謎の人物が判った！   友田真理
　1-20 戦争はこう変わった   下田　誠
　1-21 歌とコトバと音楽と   荻野友範
　1-22 神話の消滅と誕生   吉冨　透
　1-23 画像は語る   菅野恵美
　1-24 地域の取り決めを記す   小嶋茂稔
　1-25 中国古代のボードゲーム   鈴木直美
　1-26 『三国志』のウラガワ   阿部幸信


第２章 どこから何が出てきたか
地図 
　2-1 敦煌・トゥルファン（甘粛省・新疆ウイグル自治区） 關尾史郎
　2-2 エチナ～居延（内蒙古自治区） 吉村昌之
　2-3 馬王堆（湖南省） 名和敏光
　2-4 銀雀山（山東省） 水野　卓
　2-5 鳳凰山（湖北省） 柿沼陽平
　2-6 睡虎地（湖北省） 飯尾秀幸
　2-7 宝鶏県太公廟・梁帯村芮国墓地（陝西省） 高津純也
　2-8 阜陽双古堆（安徽省） 冨田美智江
　2-9 襄汾陶寺（山西省）と周原（陝西省） 岡本真則
　2-10 張家山（湖北省） 椎名一雄
　2-11 天水（甘粛省） 海老根量介
　2-12 包山（湖北省） 廣瀬薫雄
　2-13 龍崗（湖北省） 馬彪
　2-14 敦煌懸泉置（甘粛省） 藤田勝久
　2-15 尹湾（江蘇省） 渡邉将智
　2-16 郭店（湖北省）と〈上博楚簡〉 谷中信一
　2-17 長沙（湖南省） 伊藤敏雄
　2-18 里耶（湖南省） 青木俊介
　2-19 郴州（湖南省）と南京（江蘇省） 永田拓治
　2-20 長安（陝西省）と固原（寧夏回族自治区） 小林　岳
　コラム　「骨董簡」とよばれるモノ 冨谷　至

あとがき　小澤正人
お薦め文献

Translating Buddhist Medicine in Medieval China

Author:
C. Pierce Salguero

Publication Year: 
2014

Publisher:
University of Pennsylvania Press

Abstract:

The transmission of Buddhism from India to China was one of the most significant cross-cultural exchanges in the premodern world. This cultural encounter involved more than the spread of religious and philosophical knowledge. It influenced many spheres of Chinese life, including the often overlooked field of medicine. Analyzing a wide variety of Chinese Buddhist texts, C. Pierce Salguero examines the reception of Indian medical ideas in medieval China. These texts include translations from Indian languages as well as Chinese compositions completed in the first millennium C.E.

Translating Buddhist Medicine in Medieval China illuminates and analyzes the ways Chinese Buddhist writers understood and adapted Indian medical knowledge and healing practices and explained them to local audiences. The book moves beyond considerations of accuracy in translation by exploring the resonances and social logics of intercultural communication in their historical context. Presenting the Chinese reception of Indian medicine as a process of negotiation and adaptation, this innovative and interdisciplinary work provides a dynamic exploration of the medical world of medieval Chinese society. At the center of Salguero's work is an appreciation of the creativity of individual writers as they made sense of disease, health, and the body in the context of regional and transnational traditions. By integrating religious studies, translation studies, and literature with the history of medicine, Translating Buddhist Medicine in Medieval China reconstructs the crucial role of translated Buddhist knowledge in the vibrant medical world of medieval China.

Table of Contents

Introduction
Chapter 1. The Buddhist Medical Transmission
Chapter 2. Translators and Translation Practice
Chapter 3. Translating Medicine in Buddhist Scriptures
Chapter 4. Rewriting Buddhist Medicine
Chapter 5. Popularizing Buddhist Medicine
Conclusion

Cherishing Antiquity: The Cultural Construction of an Ancient Chinese Kingdom

Author:
Olivia Milburn

Publisher:
Harvard University Asia Center

Publication Year:
2013

Abstract:

Cherishing Antiquity describes the commemoration within Chinese literature and culture of the southern kingdom of Wu, which collapsed in 473 BCE. The sudden rise and tragic fall of Wu within the space of just over one century would inspire numerous memorials in and around the city of Suzhou, once the capital of this ancient kingdom. A variety of physical structures, including temples, shrines, steles, and other monuments, were erected in memory of key figures in the kingdom’s history. These sites inspired further literary representations in poetry and prose—musings on the exoticism, glamour, great wealth, and hideous end of the last king of Wu. Through an analysis first of the history of Wu as recorded in ancient Chinese texts and then of its literary legacy, Olivia Milburn illuminates the remarkable cultural endurance of this powerful but short-lived kingdom.

Table of Contents:

List of Figures and Tables
Acknowledgments
Introduction

Part One: The Kingdom of Wu

1. The Royal House of Wu
The Early History of the Kingdom of Wu
The Rule of King Zhufan 諸樊 and His Brothers
Prince Jizha’s Embassies
The Prince and the Sword
The Funeral of Prince Jizha’s Son
Prince Jizha 季札 and the Fur-Coated Elder

2. The Last Kings of Wu
The Reign of King Liao of Wu
The Assassination of King Liao 僚 of Wu
The Campaigns against Chu
The Death of King Helü 闔閭 
The Conquest of Yue
The Battle of Ailing
The Death of Wu Zixu 伍子胥
The Beauty Xi Shi 西施
The Covenant at Huangchi
The Death of King Fuchai 夫差 of Wu

3. Reflections on the Royal House of Wu
The Wu Royal House in Ancient Chinese Texts
The Wu Royal House in Bronze Inscriptions
The Wu Royal House in Modern Scholarship
Eastern Han Pictorial Mirrors
Mirror Manufacturing in Han Dynasty Jiangnan
Iconography of Eastern Han Dynasty Mirrors
Representing the Royal House of Wu

Part Two: Case Studies

4. Commemorating Master Ji of Yanling
The Tomb of Prince Jizha of Wu
The Temple to Prince Jizha
The 1503 Restoration
The Late Imperial History of the Temple
The Ten-Character Stele
Re-carving the Ten-Character Stele
The Temple to Prince Jizha at Jiujinfeng
Other Temples and Shrines Dedicated to Prince Jizha
Conclusion

5. The Tomb at Tiger Hill 虎丘
The Burial of King Helü of Wu
Tiger Hill in Imperial Era Gazetteers
The Baicheng yanshui Account
The 1767 Gazetteer for Tiger Hill
Robbing the Tomb at Tiger Hill
The First Emperor of China Attempts to Rob the Tomb
Song Dynasty Investigations of the Tomb
The Ming Dynasty Drought
Conclusion

6. Numinous Cliff and Gusu Tower
Numinous Cliff Mountain 靈岩山
Numinous Cliff Temple 靈岩寺
Numinous Cliff in Ming and Qing Dynasty Gazetteers
Qing Imperial Visits to Numinous Cliff Temple
Gusu Tower 姑蘇台
Endgame at the Gusu Tower
The Gusu Tower Lives On
Gusu Station and the New Gusu Tower
Conclusion

Afterword: Wu in the Modern World
City Walls and Gates
Roads and Canals
Houses and Gardens
Temples
The Tomb and Temple of Prince Jizha of Wu
Tiger Hill
Numinous Cliff

[Dissertation] Xiao Gang (503-551): His Life and Literature 蕭綱：生平與文學

Author:
Deng, Qingzhen

School:
UBC

Publication Year:
2013

Abstract:

This dissertation focuses on an emperor-poet, Xiao Gang (503-551, r. 550-551), who lived during a period called the Six Dynasties in China. He was born a prince during the Liang Dynasty, became Crown Prince upon his older brother's death, and eventually succeeded to the crown after the Liang court had come under the control of a rebel. He was murdered by the rebel before long and was posthumously given the title of "Emperor of Jianwen" by his younger brother Xiao Yi (508-554). Xiao's writing of amorous poetry was blamed for the fall of the Liang Dynasty by Confucian scholars, and adverse criticism of his so-called "decadent" Palace Style Poetry has continued for centuries.

By analyzing Xiao Gang within his own historical context, I am able to develop a more refined analysis of Xiao, who was a poet, a filial son, a caring brother, a sympathetic governor, and a literatus with broad and profound learning in history, religion and various literary genres. Fewer than half of Xiao's extant poems can be characterized as "erotic" or "flowery". Through an analysis utilizing the concepts of genre and intertextuality, I discover that his yuefu titles cover a wide range of old and new topics. This reveals his efforts to revive traditional yuefu writing and to reassert the centrality of the south in Chinese civilization during the Period of Division.

This dissertation analyzes Xiao Gang's writing techniques from a philological perspective. With this methodology, I have been able to clarify some misinterpretations by earlier scholars and provide new evidence about Xiao's unique writing skills and creative originality.

Rediscovering Xiao Gang is not just a matter of understanding an individual poet from a long past age. The Six Dynasties period during which he lived was politically chaotic and unstable, but it was also a period when literature flourished. Xiao Gang and his literary works provide valuable resources for studying this fascinating era. The re-evaluation of Xiao Gang undertaken in this dissertation comprises an effort to discover the truth that has been hitherto obscured by undue attention to the checkered political history of the Liang Dynasty.

Transmitting Authority: Wang Tong (ca. 584–617) and the Zhongshuo in Medieval China’s Manuscript Culture 王通‧中說

Author: 
Ding Xiang Warner

Publication Year: 
2014

Publisher:
Brill

Abstract:
Transmitting Authority investigates the rise and fall of the cultural currency of the Confucian teacher Wang Tong (ca. 584–617), a.k.a. Master Wenzhong, in the five centuries following his death, by examining the textual and social history of the Zhongshuo, which purports to record Wang Tong’s teachings. Incorporating theories and methodologies from textual criticism, the history of the book, and cultural studies, Warner reveals evidence of the Zhongshuo’s textual fluidity during the Tang and early Song dynasties, and argues that this fluidity attended the shifting terms of the Zhongshuo’s cultural value for medieval China’s literati culture. In doing so, Warner offers scholars a model for the study of other works whose textual problems and historical significance have hitherto seemed inscrutable.

Table of Contents:
Introduction. The enimatic case of the Zhongshuo

Part One. Assessing textual authority
The transmission history of the Zhongshuo, seventh through eleventh centuries
Features, problems, and puzzles in the received Zhongshuo

Part Two. Interpreting cultural authority
The genesis of a Confucian master's legacy
The cultivation of a family legacy


Epilogue

Scribes of Gastronomy: Representations of Food and Drink in Imperial Chinese Literature

Editors:
Isaac Yue and Siu-fu Tang

Publication Year:
2014

Publisher:
Hong Kong University Press

Abstract:

The culture of food and drink occupies a central role in the development of Chinese civilization, and the language of gastronomy has been a vital theme in literary productions through many different eras and genres. From stanzas on food and wine in the Book of Odes to the articulation of refined dining in The Dream of the Red Chamber and Su Shi's literary recipe for attaining culinary perfection, lavish textual representations help explain the unique appeal of food and its overwhelming cultural significance within Chinese society. These eight essays offer a colorful tour of Chinese gourmands whose work exemplifies the interrelationships of social and literary history surrounding food, with careful explication of such topics as the importance of tea in poetry, "the morality of drunkenness", and food's role in the objectification of women in certain classic texts.


Table of Contents:

List of Contributors

1 Food and the Literati: The Gastronomic Discourse of Imperial Chinese Literature
Siufu Tang and Isaac Yue

2 From Conservatism to Romanticism: Wine and Prose-Writing from Pre-Qin to Jin
Tak Kam Chan

3 The Morality of Drunkenness in Chinese Literature of the Third Century CE
Nicholas Morrow Williams

4 Making Poetry with Alcohol: Wine Consumption in Tao Qian, Li Bai and Su Shi
Charles Kwong

5 The Interplay of Social and Literary History: Tea in the Poetry of the Middle Historical Period
Ronald Egan

6 The Obsessive Gourmet: Zhang Dai on Food and Drink
Duncan Campbell

7. Tasting the Lotus: Food, Drink and the Objectification of the Female Body in Gold, Vase, and Plum Blossom
Isaac Yue

8 Eating and Drinking in a Red Chambered Dream
Louise Edwards