中国古代の法・政・俗 (Festschrift for Professor KUDO Motoo)

Editors:
工藤元男先生退休記念論集編集委員会

Publication date:
December 2019

Publisher:
汲古書院

Table of Contents:

工藤元男先生　研究・教育業績一覧

序…………工藤元男先生退休記念論集編集委員会

第一篇　先秦時代篇

禹が運んだ道…………工藤　元男

春秋戦国時代の墓制の一考察――金藤村二五一号墓を例として――…………小澤　正人

『交州外域記』に記される安陽王の事跡について…………盧　　丁（森　和訳）

春秋楚の婚姻記事における婚姻規範と女性…………平林　美理

『左伝』における礼による予言…………劉　　胤汝

清華簡「湯在啻門」に見える「五」の観念について…………曹　　峰（小林文治　訳）

第二篇　秦漢時代篇

秦における盗賊捕縛と民の臨時徴発…………小林　文治

『里耶秦簡〔貳〕』九―四五〇号に見る稟食制度…………陳　　偉（川村　潮訳）

前漢楚王国の虚像と実像――『史記』楚元王世家と『漢書』楚元王伝の比較を通じて――…………楯身　智志

馬王堆漢墓帛書『刑徳』篇の刑徳小遊と上朔…………小倉　　聖

『史記』日者列伝の亡佚と補作について…………　森　　　和

後漢における郎官の再編…………渡邉　将智
　　
第三篇　魏晉以後篇

『隷続』魏三体石経左伝遺字考…………廣瀬　薫雄

三国呉の孫権による南方政策の展開…………伊藤　光成

孫呉政権下の嶺南情勢に関する一考察――「ポスト士燮」なき嶺南情勢と趙嫗の扱いを中心に――…………川手　翔生

魏晉南朝における死体への制裁と「故事」…………水間　大輔

南朝劉宋時代における鋳銭とその背景…………柿沼　陽平

土司統治の変遷から見る高坡苗族の伝統文化
――中曹長官司長官謝氏を中心に――…………　張　　勝蘭

The Huayuanzhuang East Oracle Bone Inscriptions: A Study and Complete Translation

Author:
Schwartz, Adam C

Publication date:
2019

Publisher:
Berlin ; Boston : De Gruyter Mouton

Abstract:
Since 1899 more than 73,000 pieces of inscribed divination shell and bone have been found inside the moated enclosure of the Anyang-core at the former capital of the late Shang state. Nearly all of these divinations were done on behalf of the Shang kings and has led to the apt characterization that oracle bone inscriptions describe their motivations, experiences, and priorities. There are, however, much smaller sets of divination accounts that were done on behalf of members of the Shang elite other than the king. First noticed in the early 1930's, grouped and periodized shortly thereafter, oracle bone inscriptions produced explicitly by or on behalf of "royal family groups" reveal information about key aspects of daily life in Shang society that are barely even mentioned in Western scholarship. The newly published Huayuanzhuang East Oracle Bone inscriptions are a spectacular addition to the corpus of texts from Anyang: hundreds of intact or largely intact turtle shells and bovine scapulae densely inscribed with records of the divinations in which they were used. They were produced on the behalf of a mature prince of the royal family whose parents, both alive and still very much active, almost certainly were the twenty-first Shang king Wu Ding (r. c. 1200 B.C.) and his consort Lady Hao (fu Hao). The Huayuanzhuang East corpus is an unusually homogeneous set of more than two thousand five hundred divination records, produced over a short period of time on behalf of a prince of the royal family. There are typically multiple records of divinations regarding the same or similar topics that can be synchronized together, which not only allows for remarkable access into the esoteric world of divination practice, but also produce micro-reconstructions of what is essentially East Asia's earliest and most complete "day and month planner." Because these texts are unusually linguistically transparent and well preserved, homogeneous in orthography and content, and published to an unprecedentedly high standard, they are also ideal material for learning to read and interpret early epigraphic texts. The Huayuanzhuang East oracle bone inscriptions are a tremendously important Shang archive of "material documents" that were produced by a previously unknown divination and scribal organization. They expose us to an entirely fresh set of perspectives and preoccupations centering on a member of the royal family at the commencement of China's historical period. The completely annotated English translation of the inscriptions is the first of its kind, and is a vibrant new source of Shang history that can be accessed to rewrite and supplement what we know about early Chinese civilization and life in the ancient world. Before the discerning reader are the motives, preoccupations, and experiences of a late Shang prince working simultaneously in service both for his Majesty, his parents, and his own family.

Table of Contents:
Introduction to the Huayuanzhuang East Oracle Bone Inscriptions
Translation
Conventions and Symbols
HYZ 1
Appendix I: Raw Data
Appendix II: Parallel content, related content, sets, and synchronies
Appendix III: The "Big Synchrony"

Theorizing Confucian Virtue Politics: The Political Philosophy of Mencius and Xunzi

Author:
Sungmoon Kim

Publisher:
Cambridge University Press

Publication date:
November 2019

Abstract:
Surprisingly little is known about what ancient Confucian thinkers struggled with in their own social and political contexts and how these struggles contributed to the establishment and further development of classical Confucian political theory. Leading scholar of comparative political theory, Sungmoon Kim offers a systematic philosophical account of the political theories of Mencius and Xunzi, investigating both their agreements and disagreements as the champions of the Confucian Way against the backdrop of the prevailing realpolitik of the late Warring States period. Together, they contributed to the formation of Confucian virtue politics, in which concerns about political order and stability and concerns about moral character and moral enhancement are deeply intertwined. By presenting their political philosophies in terms of constitutionalism, Kim shows how they each developed the ability to authorize the ruler's legitimate use of power in domestic and interstate politics in ways consistent with their distinctive accounts of human nature.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Part I. Confucian Constitutionalism:
1. Interest, morality, and positive Confucianism
2. Virtue, ritual, and constitutionalism
3. Before and after ritual: moral virtue and civic virtue

Part II. Wang, Ba, and Interstate Relations:
4. The psychology of negative Confucianism
5. Hegemonic rule: between good and evil
6. Responsibility for all under heaven
Conclusion: between old and new

[Dissertation] The Third Day of the Third Month in Early Medieval Chinese Texts: Literary Composition as Ritualized Practice

Author:
Kay Duffy

School:
Princeton University

Defended:
2019

Abstract:
During the tumultuous period between the breakdown of the Han dynasty (206 BCE – 220 CE) and the establishment of the Tang (618 – 907), the spring festival of purification celebrated on the third day of the third lunar month became closely associated with ritualized performances of poetic composition. This dissertation investigates the transformation of this riverside festival into a prominent court celebration. I show that the invocation of springtime splendor and shared cultural touchstones in poems composed for these occasions facilitated the constitution of communal bonds among elites during this era of fraught uncertainty. Moreover, the circulation of these poems and the prefaces that accompanied them testified to the existence of mutual bonds of support between ruler and courtier at a time when imperial legitimacy was contested and unstable. In focusing my analysis on the festival of the third day of the third month, I cut across genres, settings, and contexts to examine the production of meaning in early medieval China.

Chapter One surveys sources of early medieval literary texts on the festival, demonstrating the key role of Tang editors in shaping the corpus of writing through which the festival is understood today. Chapter Two highlights the suspension of hierarchical boundaries and the production of horizontal relationships in depictions of the festival in fu. The third chapter investigates the relocation of spring lustration festivities from the banks of the river to the enclosed spaces of the imperial park, as reflected in third century court poems. The fourth chapter explores the paratextual functions of literary prefaces, revealing their role in constructing the meaning of literary gatherings. Finally, the fifth chapter compares the production of literary texts on the festival across genres at the courts of the Qi and the Liang, highlighting the role of the emperor and imperial princes as patrons, composers, and critics of literary writing. My dissertation not only elucidates the importance of this festival in early medieval China, it highlights the ritual dimensions of literary gatherings and contributes to a broader conversation about the role of ritual in courts and the role of courts in promoting cultural ideals.

Table of Contents:

Introduction

Chapter 1: The Construction of the Third Day Festival in Medieval Collectanea

Chapter 2: Dissolving Hierarchies in Fu on Capitals, Lustration, and the Primal Si

Chapter 3: The Lord’s Feast at the Winding Stream: The Third Day Festival at the
Court of the Western Jin

Chapter 4: Imagining Communities in Prefaces and Poems

Chapter 5: Commemorating the Third Day in the Courts of the Qi and the Liang

The Muslim Merchants of Premodern China: The History of a Maritime Asian Trade Diaspora, 750–1400

Author: 
John W. Chaffee

Publication date:
November 2018

Publisher:
Cambridge University Press

Abstract:
In this major new history of Muslim merchants and their trade links with China, John W. Chaffee uncovers 700 years of history, from the eighth century, when Muslim communities first established themselves in southeastern China, through the fourteenth century, when trade all but ceased. These were extraordinary and tumultuous times. Under the Song and the Mongols, the Muslim diaspora in China flourished as legal and economic ties were formalized. At other times the Muslim community suffered hostility and persecution. Chaffee shows how the policies of successive dynastic regimes in China combined with geopolitical developments across maritime Asia to affect the fortunes of Muslim communities. He explores social and cultural exchanges, and how connections were maintained through faith and a common acceptance of Muslim law. This ground breaking contribution to the history of Asia, the early Islamic world, and to maritime history explores the networks that helped to shape the pre-modern world.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
1. Merchants of an imperial trade
2. The reorientation of trade
3. The maturation of merchant communities
4. Mongols and the concentration of merchant power
5. Endings and continuities

[Dissertation] Death Ritual in the Tang Dynasty (618–907): A Study of Cultural Standardization and Variation in Medieval China

Author:
Yang, Yi

School:
University of California, Berkeley

Defended:
2019

Abstract:
By exploiting a vast trove of underutilized original sources, including thousands of epitaphs, archaeological reports, ritual manuals, and anecdotes, and by using digital humanities tools to analyze this large pool of data from a multiregional perspective, this dissertation reconstructs funerary practices in Tang-era China, and thereby explores cultural standardization and the effect of sociocultural changes on death rituals. My research demonstrates that certain death ritual practices prevailed among Tang elites of various regions and social strata and remained stable throughout the entire Tang dynasty, suggesting the existence of a standardized way of commemorating death in medieval China. Furthermore, my research reveals significant regional variations and temporal changes, which I use to examine the mechanisms behind uniformity and variety.

This dissertation also makes an original contribution to the understanding of actual mortuary practices among Tang elites of various strata and regional backgrounds. My core research material, the many thousands of Tang-era epitaphs, allows me to get closer to the actual practices of “ordinary” elites rather than rely on descriptions of rites by the ritual specialists in charge of compiling prescriptive ritual manuals. Moreover, as each tomb epitaph text usually provides a glimpse of a person’s life, tomb epitaphs are often the most direct and personal accounts of individuals, and they offer a perspective on a greater range of elite society than do either dynastic-history biographies or the eulogies preserved in the literary collections of famous writers.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Chapter 1: A Reconstruction of Death Ritual Practice in the Tang
Chapter 2: Selecting Dates for Burials
Chapter 3: Positioning Tombs and Conceptualizing Burial Space
Chapter 4: Variations in Grave Goods
Conclusion