東アジア古代の車社会史

Author:
岡村秀典 （Okamura Hidenori）

Publication date:
July 2021

Publisher:
臨川書店

Table of Contents:
はじめに
第1章　牧畜のはじまりと車の出現
　1．家畜からみたアジアの西と東
　2．国家形成と牧畜のはじまり
　3．牛車の出現
　4．オルドスに進出した殷王朝
第2章　殷周時代における車社会の形成
　1．車馬の東方伝播
　2．殷王室の祭祀と車馬
　3．馬と牛の飼養
　4．殷王朝の周辺に広がった車馬
　5．西周時代における戦車の改良
　6．西周王朝の攘夷戦争
　7．威儀を備えた車馬の出現
　8．双轅式牛車の出現
　9．騎馬のはじまり
第3章　秦漢時代における車社会の成立
　1．秦帝国における交通インフラの整備
　2．秦始皇帝陵の陪葬坑と車馬
　3．前漢王侯墓の車馬埋葬
　4．長江中流域における冥界への車馬行列
　5．民間における馬牛利用の拡大
　6．『続漢書』輿服志の車制
　7．後漢墓にあらわされた車騎行列
　8．秦漢時代における軺車の普及と車制
第4章　魏晋南北朝時代における車社会の残照
　1．牛車に乗る士大夫
　2．『晋書』輿服志の車制
　3．騎馬術の革新
　4．関中十六国墓における儀仗騎馬俑群の成立
　5．高句麗壁画墓の車騎行列図
　6．南北朝時代の車騎行列
　7．魏晋南北朝時代の牛車
　8．古代日本の牛車
第5章　車社会の成立と変容
　1．車の出現と初期王朝
　2．官僚制と自家用車の普及
　3．牛車と貴族制
おわりに

[Open Access] Family Instructions for the Yan Clan and Other Works by Yan Zhitui (531–590s)

Translator:
Xiaofei Tian

Publisher:
De Gruyter Mouton

Publication date:
March 2021

Abstract:

Yan Zhitui (531–590s) was a courtier and cultural luminary who lived a colorful life during one of the most chaotic periods, known as the Northern and Southern Dynasties, in Chinese history. Beginning his career in the southern Liang court, he was taken captive to the north after the Liang capital fell, and served several northern dynasties. Today he remains one of the best-known medieval writers for his book-length “family instructions” (jiaxun), the earliest surviving and the most influential of its kind. Completed in his last years, the work resembles a long letter addressed to his sons, in which he discusses a wide range of topics from family relations and remarriage to religious faith, philology, cultural arts, and codes of conduct in public and private life. It is filled with vivid details of contemporary social life, and with the author’s keen observations of the mores of north and south China. This is a new, complete translation into English, with critical notes and introduction, and based on recent scholarship, of Yan Zhitui’s Family Instructions, and of all of his extant literary works, including his self-annotated poetic autobiography and a never-before-translated fragmentary rhapsody, as well as of his biographies in dynastic histories.

Open Access: click here

The Dao of Madness: Mental Illness and Self-Cultivation in Early Chinese Philosophy and Medicine

Author: 
Alexus McLeod

Publication date:
September 2021

Publisher:
Oxford University Press

Abstract:
Mental illness complicates views of agency and moral responsibility in ethics. Particularly for traditions and theories focused on self-cultivation, such as Aristotelian virtue ethics and many systems of ethics in early Chinese philosophy, mental illness offers powerful challenges. Can the mentally ill person cultivate herself and achieve a level of virtue, character, or thriving similar to the mentally healthy? Does mental illness result from failures in self-cultivation, failure in social institutions or rulership, or other features of human activity? Can a life complicated by struggles with mental illness be a good one?

The Dao of Madness investigates the role of mental illness, specifically "madness" (kuang 狂), in discussions of self-cultivation and ideal personhood in early Chinese philosophical and medical thought, and the ways in which early Chinese thinkers probed difficult questions surrounding mental health. Alexus McLeod explores three central accounts: the early "traditional" views of those, including Confucians, taking madness to be the result of character flaw; the challenge from Zhuangists celebrating madness as a freedom from standard norms connected to knowledge; and the "medicalization" of madness within the naturalistic shift of Han Dynasty thought. Understanding views on madness in the ancient world helps reveal key features of Chinese thinkers' conceptions of personhood and agency, as well as their accounts of ideal activity. Further, it exposes the motivations behind the origins of the medical tradition, and of the key links between philosophy and medicine in early Chinese thought. The early Chinese medical tradition has crucial and understudied connections to early philosophy, connections which this volume works to uncover.

Table of Contents:
Introduction: In the Shadows of the Chinese Tradition
Chapter 1. Self, Mind and Body, Agency
Chapter 2. What is Mental Illness? Contemporary and Ancient Views
Chapter 3. Madness of Last Resort: Feigned Madness, Ambivalence, and Doubt
Chapter 4. The Wilds, Untamed, and Spontaneity: Zhuangist Views of Madness
Chapter 5. Synthesis and Medicalization in Early Han Views of Mental Illness
Conclusion: Madness and Self-Cultivation: Ways Forward