Author:
Miranda Brown
Publication Year:
2015
Publisher:
Cambridge University Press
Abstract:
In this book, Miranda Brown investigates the myths that acupuncturists and herbalists have told about the birth of the healing arts. Moving from the Han (206 BC–AD 220) and Song (960–1279) dynasties to the twentieth century, Brown traces the rich history of Chinese medical historiography and the gradual emergence of the archive of medical tradition. She exposes the historical circumstances that shaped the current image of medical progenitors: the ancient bibliographers, medieval editors, and modern reformers and defenders of Chinese medicine who contributed to the contemporary shape of the archive. Brown demonstrates how ancient and medieval ways of knowing live on in popular narratives of medical history, both in modern Asia and in the West. She also reveals the surprising and often unacknowledged debt that contemporary scholars owe to their pre-modern forbearers for the categories, frameworks, and analytic tools with which to study the distant past.
Table of Contents:
Part I. Before Medical History:
1. Attendant He: innovator or persona?
2. Bian Que as a seer: political persuaders and the medical imagination
3. Chunyu Yi: can the healer speak?
Part II. Medical Histories:
4. Liu Xiang: the imperial library and the creation of the exemplary healer list
5. Zhang Ji: the kaleidoscopic father
6. Huangfu Mi: from innovator to transmitter
Epilogue: ancient histories in the modern age
Appendix: a problematic preface.
Author:
Young, Stuart H
Publication Year:
2015
Publisher:
University of Hawaii Press
Abstract:
Aśvaghoa, Nāgārjuna, and Āryadeva are among the most celebrated Indian patriarchs in Asian Buddhist traditions and modern Buddhist studies scholarship. Scholars agree that all three lived in first- to third-century C.E. India, so most studies have focused on locating them in ancient Indian history, religion, or society. To this end, they have used all available accounts of the Indian patriarchs' lives—in Sanskrit, Tibetan, various Central Asian languages, and Chinese, produced over more than a millennium—and viewed them as bearing exclusively on ancient India. Of these sources, medieval Chinese hagiographies are by far the earliest and most abundant.
Conceiving the Indian Buddhist Patriarchs in China is the first attempt to situate the medieval Chinese hagiographies of Aśvaghoa, Nāgārjuna, and Āryadeva in the context of Chinese religion, culture, and society of the time. It examines these sources not as windows into ancient Indian history but as valuable records of medieval Chinese efforts to define models of Buddhist sanctity. It explores broader questions concerning Chinese conceptions of ancient Indian Buddhism and concerns about being Buddhist in latter-day China. By propagating the tales and texts of Aśvaghoa, Nāgārjuna, and Āryadeva, leaders of the Chinese sangha sought to demonstrate that the means and media of Indian Buddhist enlightenment were readily available in China and that local Chinese adepts could thereby rise to the ranks of the most exalted Buddhist saints across the Sino-Indian divide. Chinese authors also aimed to merge their own kingdom with the Buddhist heartland by demonstrating congruency between Indian and Chinese ideals of spiritual attainment. This volume shows, for the first time, how Chinese Buddhists adduced the patriarchs as evidence that Buddhist masters from ancient India had instantiated the same ideals, practices, and powers expected of all Chinese holy beings and that the expressly foreign religion of Buddhism was thus the best means to sainthood and salvation for latter-day China.
Table of Contents:
Buddhist sainthood in dharmic history
An Indian lineage severed
Salvation in writing and the annex of Indian Buddhism
Nagarjuna divine and the alchemy of hagiography
An Indian silkworm god in China
Buddhist saints to bridge the Sino-Indian divide.
Editor:
Mary M Dusenbury
Publication Year:
2015
Publisher:
Yale University Press
Abstract:
With essays by Monica Bethe, Mary M Dusenbury, Shih-shan Susan Huang, Ikumi Kaminishi, Guolong Lai, Richard Laursen, Liu Jian and Zhao Feng, Chika Mouri, Park Ah-rim, Hillary Pedersen, Lisa Shekede and Su Bomin, Sim Yeon-ok and Lee Seonyong, Tanaka Yoko, and Zhao Feng and Long Bo
Color was a critical element in East Asian life and thought, but its importance has been largely overlooked in Western scholarship. This interdisciplinary volume explores the fascinating roles that color played in the society, politics, thought, art, and ritual practices of ancient and medieval East Asia (ca. 1600 B.C.E.–ca. 1400 C.E.). While the Western world has always linked color with the spectrum of light, in East Asian civilizations colors were associated with the specific plant or mineral substances from which they were derived. Many of these substances served as potent medicines and elixirs, and their transformative powers were extended to the dyes and pigments they produced. Generously illustrated, this groundbreaking publication constitutes the first inclusive study of color in East Asia. It is the outcome of years of collaboration between chemists, conservators, archaeologists, historians of art and literature, and scholars of Buddhism and Daoism from the United States, East Asia, and Europe.
Table of Contents:
Colors and Color Symbolism in Ancient China
Colors and Color Symbolism in Early Chinese Ritual Art : Red and Black and the Formation of the Five Colors System / Guolong Lai
Tomb and Grotto Paintings
Wall Paintings at the Mogao Grotto Site, Dunhuang, China : Color Use from Northern Wei to Tang / Lisa Shekede and Su Bomin
Colors in Mural Paintings in Goguryeo Kingdom Tombs / Park Ah-Rim
Dyes on Ancient Chinese and Japanese Textiles
Yellow and Red Dyes in Ancient Asian Textiles / Richard Laursen --
Jincao (Arthraxon hispidus) : A Plant Used in Traditional Chinese Medicine and for Dyeing Yellow / Chika Mouri --
Imperial Yellow in the Sixth Century : A Preliminary Attempt to Reproduce Imperial Yellow Based on Instructions in the Qimin yaoshu / Zhao Feng and Long Bo --
Dye Analysis of Two Polychrome Woven Textiles from the Han and Tang Dynasties / Liu Jian and Zhao Feng --
Color at the Court of Japan
Color at the Japanese Court in the Asuka and Nara Periods / Mary M. Dusenbury
Color in the Man'yōshū, an Eighth-Century Anthology of Japanese Poetry / Monice Bethe
Embroidered Slippers in the Shōsōin Repository / Tanaka Yoko
Color and Yearly Palace Rituals in Japan during the Nara and Heian Periods / Monica Bethe
Color at the Court of Japan in the Heian Period / Mary M. Dusenbury
Color in Religious Art in Medieval East Asia
Colors of the Five Directions Associated with Deposits Enshrined in Buddhist Statues in Korea / Sim Yeon-Ok and Lee Seonyong
Color Schemes in Early Medieval Japanese Buddhist Imagery / Hillary Pedersen -
Zenmyō's True Colors : Demonstrating Non-Duality of Form and Emptiness in the Kegon Scroll / Ikumi Kaminishi
Daoist Uses of Color in Visualization and Ritual Practices / Shih-Shan Susan Huang
The Substance of Color
Botanical and historical information about the major dye plants used in ancient and medieval East Asia / Mary M. Dusenbury
Author:
Hong, De
School:
UNIVERSITY OF THE WEST
Publication Year:
2015
Abstract:
This dissertation examines the development and legitimation of repentance rituals within the initial formative period of Chinese Buddhism in the early medieval period. Repentance can be considered as one of the many phases in the process of Sinicization of Buddhism. Repentance scriptures were initially developed, as a liturgy, for the purpose of eradicating unwholesome karma and attaining samadhi or Buddhahood by the individual. They gradually became part of the cultivation process in many Chinese Buddhist traditions as well as a dynamically living tradition of devotion among the Chinese Buddhists.
Out of the dozens of repentance scriptures dated up to the sixth century CE, the Sutra Spoken by the Buddha on Manjusri's Teaching of Repentance T. 14, No. 459 (271 CE) prescribes one rather simple six-part repentance ritual involving prostrations in front of Buddha statues. By performing repentance, one would be able to purify one's transgressions and attain samadhi, the scripture claims. The major components in the repentance rituals, I argue, resemble the discourses of confession and punishment and prostrations in pre-Buddhist China along with the acts of grace and were subsequently accepted and integrated into daily Buddhist liturgy in Chinese religious life.
These early repentance rituals were later modified into many complex rituals for the living as well as on behalf of the deceased. By studying the repentance rituals, this dissertation attempts to determine if there are any changes in structures and contents over time. Such an examination allows us to see the development and transformation of a simple Indian confession practice into a genre of repentance rituals with different soteriological goals that are still in practice in East Asia and beyond today. This dissertation makes a valuable contribution to the field of religious studies in Chinese Buddhism by providing insights into an understanding of the development and acceptance of repentance rituals into Chinese religious life in the early medieval period.
Author:
遠藤祐介
Publisher:
白帝社
Publication Year:
2014
Table of Contents:
序論
第一部 六朝期知識人の宗教的関心と仏教受容
序説
第一章 東晋代における士大夫の宗教的関心と仏教
第二章 東晋士大夫における儒仏一致論の社会的意義
第三章 廬山慧遠における問題意識と仏教思想
第四章 僧肇における宗教的関心と仏教思想
第五章 竺道生の問題意識と仏教思想
第六章 羅什門下における経典受容
第二部 三教論争における諸問題
序説
第一章 咸康論争の思想史的意義
第二章 東晋代の礼敬論争
第三章 『弁宗論』論争における頓悟説と漸悟説の特徴
第四章 『白黒論』論争の展開とその思想的特徴
第五章 『達性論』論争の展開とその思想的特徴
第六章 『夷夏論』論争における思想的特徴
結論
補論
第一章 帛尸梨蜜多羅と『潅頂経』
第二章 仏教的世界観と経済活動
Author:
Kai Filipiak
Publication Year:
2014
Publisher:
Routledge
Abstract:
Modern studies of civil--military relations recognize that the military is separate from civil society, with its own norms and values, principles of organization, and regulations. Key issues of concern include the means by which – and the extent to which – the civil power controls the military; and also the ways in which military values and approaches permeate and affect wider society. This book examines these issues in relation to China, covering the full range of Chinese history from the Zhou, Qin, and Han dynasties up to the Communist takeover in 1949. It traces how civil--military relations were different in different periods, explores how military specialization and professionalization developed, and reveals how military weakness often occurred when the civil authority with weak policies exerted power over the military. Overall, the book shows how attitudes to the military’s role in present day Communist China were forged in earlier periods.
Table of Contents:
Introduction: civil-military relations in Chinese history
1 The rise and fall of the system of rites and music and the evolution of the Zhou army
2 Military codes of virtue: aspects of wen and wu in China's Warring States Period
3 The master of works (sikong) in the armies of the Qin and Han dynasties
4 Re- thinking the civil-military divide in the southern dynasties
5 Changes in the title systems for generals in ancient China
6 Origins and selection criteria of soldiers in different stages of the Tang dynasty (618-907)
7 The drum and wind palace music of the Tang and Song dynasty
8 The rise of the martial: rebalancing wen and wu in Song dynasty culture
9 Postcards from the edge: competing strategies for the defense of Liaodong in the late Ming
10 The adaptation of Chinese military techniques to Chosŏn Korea, their validation, and the social dynamics thereof
11 Craftsmen and specialist troops in early modern Chinese armies
12 Military atrocities in warlord China
13 The military ascendant: the ascendancy of the Chinese military during the Resistance War 1937-1945 (and afterwards)
Chronology
Glossary
Bibliography
Index
Editor:
植木久行
Publication Year:
2015
Publisher:
研文出版
Table of Contents:
1. 中国西北出土木簡概説（冨谷至）
- 木簡の発見
- 簡牘の形状と名称
- 辺境出土簡の時代
- 辺境行政と漢簡の内容
2. 漢代辺境出土文書にみえる年中行事――夏至と臘（目黒杏子）
はじめに事――「暦譜（カレンダー）」に記された時節／「元康五年詔書冊」の概要／夏至の行事の内容／公務は休みになったのか？／前漢時代の世界観における夏至の意味／再び夏至の儀礼、行事の意図／臘肉銭簿」から／臘の情景／臘への王朝の関与／臘の慣行としての賜物／「臘銭」と「臘肉」／「臘肉銭簿」作成の背景 ／おわりに事――年中行事と王朝支配
3. 木札が行政文書となるとき――木簡文書のオーソライズ（土口史記）
- 兵卒の身分を記すリスト／掛け売りの証明書／「功労案」（勤務評価書）の見本
封印
- 官印の取り扱い／辺境簡における印／封印が守るもの／封印の破損／私印の使用
署名
-「長官自署」説／「属吏代署」説／紙の時代の署名／「異筆」署名出現の条件
Authors:
E Bruce Brooks and A Taeko Brooks
Publication Date:
February 15, 2015
Publisher:
University Press of New England
Abstract:
The Emergence of China presents the classical period in its own terms. It contains more than 500 translated excerpts from the classical texts, linked by a running commentary which traces the evolution and interaction of the different schools of thought. These are shown in dialogue about issues from tax policy to the length of the mourning period for a parent. Some texts labor to construct the legal and political edifice of the new state, while others passionately oppose its war orientation, or amusingly ridicule those who supported it. Here are the arguments of the Hundred Schools of classical thought, for the first time restored to life and vividly presented.
There are six topical chapters, each treating a major subject in chronological order, framed by a preliminary background chapter and a concluding survey of the eventual Empire. Each chapter includes several brief Methodological Moments, as samples of the philological method on which the work is based. Occasional footnotes point to historical parallels in Greece, Rome, the Ancient Near East, and the mediaeval-to-modern transition in Europe, which at many points the Chinese classical period resembles. At the back of the book are a guide to alternate Chinese romanizations, a list of passages translated, and a subject index.
This is the only account of early Chinese thought which presents it against the background of the momentous changes taking place in the early Chinese state, and the only account of the early Chinese state which follows its development, by correctly dated documents, from its beginnings in the palace states of Spring and Autumn to the economically sophisticated bureaucracies of late Warring States times. In this larger context, the insights of the philosophers remain, but their failure to influence events is also noted. The fun of the Jwangdz is transmitted, but along with its underlying pain. The achievements of the Chinese Imperial formation process are duly registered, but so is their human cost. Special attention is given to the contribution of non-Chinese peoples to the eventual Chinese civilization.
Table of Contents:
Title Page
Preface
Contents
Introduction
Chapter 1: Antiquity
The Myth of Gwan Jung, p32; a Methodological Moment
Confucius' Father, p35-37
Chapter 2: The Economy
The Land Tax, p40-42
Universal Sovereignty p45-46, a Methodological Moment
Agrarian Primitivism, p61-64
Chapter 3: The State
Philosophical Interactions, p74
Concepts of Change, p84-85
Chapter 4: War
A Plan for Peace, p94-97
Defense, p119-120
Chapter 5: The Civilian Elite
Recruitment, p134
Sywndz, p143-148, a Methodological Moment
Chapter 6: The People
Non-Sinitic Persons, p159-161; ending in a Methodological Moment
Populism, the people's right of criticism, p157-162, ending in Confucius's verdict on the idea
The Human Nature Debate, p172-176
Chapter 7: Transcendence
Deep Reality, p195-197, a Methodological Moment
The Limits of Transcendence, p208
Chapter 8: The Empire
The Question of Feudalism, p212-214
The Resurgence of Chu, p230-234
Apparatus
Major Events
Text Chronology
Romanization Table
Works Cited
Passages Translated
Subject Index
Back Cover
Author:
Haicheng Wang
Publication Year:
2014
Publisher:
Cambridge University Press
Abstract:
Writing and the Ancient State explores the early development of writing and its relationship to the growth of political structures. The first part of the book focuses on the contribution of writing to the state's legitimating project. The second part deals with the state's use of writing in administration, analyzing both textual and archaeological evidence to reconstruct how the state used bookkeeping to allocate land, police its people, and extract taxes from them. The third part focuses on education, the state's system for replenishing its staff of scribe-officials. The first half of each part surveys evidence from Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Maya lowlands, Central Mexico, and the Andes; against this background the second half examines the evidence from China.
The chief aim of this book is to shed new light on early China (from the second millennium BC through the end of the Han period, ca. 220 AD) while bringing to bear the lens of cross-cultural analysis on each of the civilizations under discussion. The compiling of lists - lists of names, or of names and numbers - is a recurring theme throughout all three parts. A concluding chapter argues that there is nothing accidental about the pervasiveness of this theme: in both origin and function, early writing is almost synonymous with the listing of names.
Table of Contents:
Writing and the legitimation of the state : history as king list
Writing and the wealth of the state : people and land, census and land register
Writing and the perpetuation of the state : scribal education, lexical Lists, and literature
