Thursday, February 20, 2020

怪を志す: 六朝志怪の誕生と展開

Author:
佐野誠子 (Seiko Sano)

Publication date:
2020

Publisher:
名古屋大学出版会



Abstract:
歴史と宗教のあしもとで ——。「怪力乱神を語らぬ」儒教の国にあって、怪異はなぜ、いかにして記録されるようになったのか。『今昔物語集』等にも影響を与えた古代中国の「志怪」について、史書の伝統や仏教伝来との関係を軸に、社会的文脈から生成過程、文体まで、初めてトータルに捉え、中国人の精神のかたちを逆照射する。

Table of Contents:
凡 例
志怪年表

序 章 六朝志怪と怪異の歴史記録
   1 怪を志す「小説」
   2 「怪」とは何か
   3 志怪はどのように位置づけられてきたのか
   4 志怪のテキストについて

第Ⅰ部 史の伝統の中で

第1章 志怪の文脈
      —— 歴史書の拡大と変異の記録
     1 史と志怪
     2 雑伝書
     3 五行志
     4 変異情報の伝達と編集

第2章 志怪の系譜
      —— 五行志との関わりを手掛かりに
   1 応劭『風俗通義』における災異と怪異 —— 志怪誕生の素地
   2 干宝『捜神記』と五行志 —— 志怪の成立
   3 南朝宋時代の変異記録の行方と志怪 — 『宋書』五行志と『異苑』を中心に

第3章 志怪の怪
     1 廟 神
     2 幽 鬼

第Ⅱ部 仏教を受け止めて

第4章 志怪における僧侶
      —— 新たなる怪異との邂逅
     1 仏教伝来と志怪への影響
     2 僧侶と志怪
     3 僧伝と志怪

第5章 仏教志怪の系譜
      —— 応験記との関わりを手掛かりに
     1 仏教志怪の誕生
     2 『幽明録』『宣験記』と『冥祥記』—— その内容の違い
     3 『繋観世音応験記』の構成と他の仏教志怪
     4 応験譚の南北差 —— 佚名の文献資料を手掛かりに
     5 応験記と志怪

第6章 冥界遊行の仏教化
     1 僧侶の冥界遊行 —— 慧達劉薩荷を例に
     2 僧侶の冥界遊行が作られた理由
     3 『冥祥記』の僧侶と『高僧伝』の僧侶

終 章 中国「小説」史への吸収
     1 実録という形式と態度
     2 実録という形式を用いた虚構
     3 唐代における二種類の「伝」と歴史からの離脱

Wednesday, February 19, 2020

Modeling Peace: Royal Tombs and Political Ideology in Early China

Author:
Jie Shi

Publisher:
Columbia University Press

Publication date:
March, 2020




Abstract:
Among hundreds of thousands of ancient graves and tombs excavated to date in China, the Mancheng site stands out for its unparalleled complexity and richness. It features two juxtaposed burials, of the first king and queen of the Zhongshan kingdom (dated late second century BCE). The male tomb occupant, King Liu Sheng (d. 113 BCE), was sent by his father, Emperor Jing (r. 157–141 BCE), to rule the Zhongshan kingdom near the northern frontier of the Western Han empire, neighboring the nomadic Xiongnu confederation. Modeling Peace interprets Western Han royal burial as a political ideology by closely reading the architecture and funerary content of this site and situating it in the historical context of imperialization in Western Han China. Through a study of both the archaeological materials and related received and excavated texts, Jie Shi demonstrates that the Mancheng site was planned and designed as a unity of religious, gender, and intercultural concerns. The site was built under the supervision of the future royal tomb occupants, who used these burials to assert their political ideology based on Huang-Lao and Confucian thought: a good ruler is one who pacifies himself, his family, and his country. This book is the first scholarly monograph on an undisturbed and fully excavated early Chinese royal burial site.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Part I
1. The Embrace of Body and Soul
2. The Union of Husband and Wife
3. Integration of Ethnic Han and Non-Han
Part II
4. The Public King
5. The King of Peace
6. The King Under the Gaze
Conclusion

Sunday, February 16, 2020

The Wrong of Rudeness: Learning Modern Civility from Ancient Chinese Philosophy

Author:
Amy Olberding

Publication date:
26 September 2019

Publisher:
Oxford University Press



Abstract:
In a time of fractious politics, being rude can feel wickedly gratifying, while being polite can feel simple-minded or willfully naïve. Do manners and civility even matter now? Is it worthwhile to make the effort to be polite? When rudeness has become routine and commonplace, why bother? When so much of public and social life with others is painful and bitterly acrimonious, why should anyone be polite?

As Amy Olberding argues, civility and ordinary politeness are linked both to big values, such as respect and consideration, and to the fundamentally social nature of human beings. Being polite is not just a nicety—it has deep meaning. Olberding explores the often overwhelming temptations to incivility and rudeness, and the ways that they must and can be resisted. Drawing on the wisdom of early Chinese philosophers who lived through great political turmoil but nonetheless avidly sought to "mind their manners," the book articulates a way of thinking about politeness that is distinctively social. We can feel profoundly alienated from others, and others can sometimes be truly terrible, yet, as the Confucian philosophers encourage us to see, because we are social, neglecting the social and political courtesies comes at perilous cost.

The book considers not simply why civility and politeness are important, but how. It reveals how small insults can accumulate to damage social relations, how separating people into tribes undermines our better interests, and how even bodily and facial expressions can influence our lives with others. Many of us, in spite of our best efforts, are often tempted to be rude, and will find here tools for fighting that temptation.

Table of Contents:
Foreword
Chapter 1: Introduction
Chapter 2: Temptations to Incivility
Chapter 3: Temptations to Rudeness
Chapter 4: The Big Values
Chapter 5: Living the Big Values
Chapter 6: Rules, Rules, Rules
Chapter 7: Managing the Face
Chapter 8: Righteous Incivility Revisited
Chapter 9: Disappointments and Consolation

Saturday, February 15, 2020

律令国家と隋唐文明

Author:
大津 透 (OTSU Toru)

Publisher:
岩波書店

Publication date:
February 2020




Abstract: 
中国の王朝が隋から唐へと移り、朝鮮半島から戦火が迫る。古代日本の律令国家は、そうした極度の軍事的緊張のなかから生まれた。国土防衛と権力集中への模索から、海を介した人々の知的交流、制度にとどまらない文明の継受によって、独自の国制を築く過程を描き出す。東アジアを舞台とした、「日本」誕生のドキュメント。

Table of Contents:

はじめに――鬼ノ城にて

第一章 遣隋使と天皇号
 中国統一と朝鮮、倭/「未開」の使者/冠位十二階と憲法十七条/『日本書紀』にのらなかった「日出づる処の天子」/対等外交の断念/天皇号の成立/「スメラミコト」と「天皇」

第二章 東アジアの緊張のなかでの権力集中
 律令国家建設の出発点/太宗と倭国――唐の朝命を拒む/権力の集中へ/大化の改新/外交方針の模索/百済の滅亡/白村江での敗戦と国土防衛/高まる緊張――遣唐使の中断/近江令とは?

第三章 律令制の形成と「日本」
 羅唐戦争――対立の一〇年/対立の影響/律令の編纂/浄御原令の意義/「日本」のはじまり/大宝の遣唐使――国際的緊張の清算をめざして/祢軍墓誌のなかの「日本」

第四章 固有法としての律令法
 大宝律令と養老律令――八世紀の国制をさぐる/唐の律令、日本の律令――差異と共通点/接ぎ木された「文明」――古代日本の国家構造/戸籍と班田制/調庸制――その歴史的背景/税の宗教的な意味/律令国家のフィクション

第五章 官僚制と天皇
 位階――貴族制的秩序/二官八省制――太政官の強い権限/四等官制――マヘツキミの職掌分担/「宣」の世界――音声の呪術的機能/天皇の服――なぜ規定されないのか/神話と儀礼――天皇統治の正統性

第六章 帰化人と知識・技術
 律令国家のなかの帰化人/古代日本の帝国構造と技術/文化的背景――民族の移動と融合/南朝系の知識と情報/文書行政と史部

第七章 吉備真備と「礼」
 真備町の風景/典籍の将来――養老の遣唐使/体系的な収集と修学――「礼」と「歴史」/「礼」による文明化/天皇の衣服にみる「礼」受容/玄昉の仏典将来/ふたたび入唐

第八章 鑑真来日と唐風化の時代
 唐招提寺の木彫像から/来日の実現まで/唐風化としての天皇受戒/具足戒を授ける/経典、戒律の将来/仲麻呂政権の評価/新しい学制/尊号から漢風諡号へ/年中行事のはじまり――親蚕・籍田と卯杖儀礼

おわりに
 桓武天皇の郊祀/桓武の中国化と春秋学/弘仁年間の儀式整備/天皇制の唐風化と『貞観格』/律令制の展開と「古典的国制」/唐文化の意義

Sunday, February 2, 2020

The City of Ye in the Chinese Literary Landscape

Author: 
Joanne Tsao

Publication date:
20 Jan 2020

Publisher:
Brill



Abstract:
In The City of Ye in the Chinese Literary Landscape, Joanne Tsao demonstrates how the city of Ye changed from an iconic space that represented Cao Cao’s heroic enterprise to a symbol of the fruitlessness of human endeavour, and then finally to a literary landmark, a synecdoche for the vicissitudes of human life caught in the predictable cycles of dynastic rise and decline. Through a close reading of literary works on Ye, she illustrates how the city transformed from a lived to imaginative space to become a symbol in the poetic lexicon. Making use of literary and historical texts on Ye and its material remains through the Song and beyond she shows the potency of place as a generative force in literary production and in historical discourse.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Construction and Development of Ye
Ye in Jian’an Literature
Ye the Dynastic Capital
Ye in the Mind of Poets from the Seventh Century and Beyond
Conclusion
Postscript: Beyond the Song-Yuan Era

Saturday, February 1, 2020

日唐賤人制度の比較研究

Author:

榎本淳一 (Junichi Enomoto)

Publication date:
October 2019

Publisher:
東京: 同成社


Table of Contents:

序章 本書の視角と構成
第一章 ヤツコと奴婢の間
第三章 日唐官賤人の解放規定について
第四章 日唐賤人の身分標識について
第五章 日唐戸令当色為婚条について
第六章 天聖令からみた日唐奴婢売買の諸問題
第七章 藤原仲麻呂と女楽
終章 日本古代の奴婢は奴隷か

附篇一 『新唐書』百官志の官賤人記事について
附篇二 唐戸令当色為婚条をめぐる覚書